Bromoacetic acid

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

August - October 1991

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This study was performed according to the OECD guideline 202 and the laboratory was GLP certified.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1991

Report date:

1991

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Bromoacetic acid

EC Number:

201-175-8

EC Name:

Bromoacetic acid

Cas Number:

79-08-3

Molecular formula:

C2H3BrO2

IUPAC Name:

2-bromoacetic acid

Test material form:

solid: crystalline

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Monobromoacetic acid
- Substance type: hygroscopic white to yellow cristal
- Physical state: Solid
- Analytical purity: > 98%
- Purity test date: > 98%
- Lot/batch No.: 0271263
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature - protected from light - freezer/refrigerator

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES are detailed in section 4 of the IUCLID dossier.

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

The concentrations of test substance in the test solutions were not determined by chemical analysis.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The test substance was warmed to about 50°C and a quantity of 100 mg of monobromoacetic acid was accurately weighed out and dissolved in 100 0 ml of dilution water resulting in a solution containing 100 mg/l. From this solution 50, 90, 160 and 280 ml was taken and diluted to 500 ml with dilution water, resulting in test solutions of 10, 18, 32 and 56 mg/L.
- Controls: sythethic medium (DSWL) was used as a control medium.
The medium is prepared in large amounts (10,000 L) and the following components of the batch used for this test were checked by chemical analysis and found to be:
* Na+: 1.26 mmol.l-l
* K+: 0.23 mmol.l-1
* Ca2+: 1.41 mmol.l-1
* Mg2+: 0.78 mmol.I-l
* CI-: 2.81 mmol.l-1
* SO4 2-: 0.71 mmol.l-1

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): < 24 h old

The organisms were cultured in the laboratory under standard conditions according to the principles of NPR 6503. Water-Necessaries, method and medium for the culture of Daphnia magna and the cultivation of the alga required as food. Nederlands Nonnalisatie-instituut, P.O. Box 5059, 2600 GB Delft, Netherlands (in Dutch).

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

The hardness expressed as CaC03. was 210 mg.l-1.
The total organic carbon content was 2.0 mg.l-1.

Test temperature:

20 +/- 1°C

pH:

6.7 - 8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

the lowest value: 7.3 mg/L

Salinity:

No data

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 ml all-glass beakers, each containing 100 ml of test solution or control medium.
- Aeration: not aerated during the test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5 daphnia
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4 replicates
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4 replicates

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
cf. Details on test solution

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16h light- 8 h dark


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
The immobile animals were counted after 24 hours and at the end of the test

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: A range finding study allowed to establish the range concentration of the final study. However, the result were not included in the final report.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

57 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

42 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

56 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

32 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 5

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

18 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: Condition: swimming behaviour, colour or any other visual observable morphological or behavioural criterion.

Details on results:

- there were no immobile animals in the control media.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The EC50 values and their confidence interval were calculated by means of a parametric model developed by Kooijman.
Note: The slope of the concentration-effect curve was 73. Because the slope of the the concentration-effect curve was very steep, confidence intervals for the EC50 values or slope could not be calculated.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The EC50 (48h) on the mobility of Daphnia magna of bromoacetic acid is 42 mg/l, the NOEC (48h) is 32 mg/l. As bromoacetic acid is not bioaccumulating, has a log P<3.0 and is readily biodegradable no classification of bromoacetic acid for the environment is required based on this result.

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of monobromoacetic acid to the fresh-water crustacean Daphnia magna was detennined as described in the OECD Guideline no. 202 and according to the OECD principles of Good Laboratory Practice.

The test was carried out with 4 x 5 daphnias for each concentration, and the test solutions were not replaced.

The exposure duration was 48 hours.

The nominal concentrations tested were 10, 18, 32,56 and 100 mg/L.

The test substance appeared to be completely dissolved at all concentrations tested (visually assessed).

The results of the test were (in nominal concentrations):

* 24h EC50 (mobility)= 57 mg/l

* 48h EC50 (mobility)= 42 mg/l

Slope of the concentration-effect curve : 73

* 48h ECl00 (mobility)= 56 mg/l

* 48h NOEC (mobility = 48h ECO)= 32 mg/l

* 48h NOEC (condition)= 18 mg/l

The concentrations in this report refer to the test substance as supplied by sponsor.