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EC number: 268-028-8 | CAS number: 67990-05-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 26 NOV 2004
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study according to OECD Guideline 209 compliant to GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate instead of the prescribed 3,5- dichlorophenol as a reference substance. The usage of dichlorophenol is unsuitable for routine lab use.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- GLP according to German "Chemikaliengesetz", EC and OECD Guideline principles
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The test item was weighed out directly into an Erlenmeyer flask and filled up with 250 mL autoclaved tap water.
- Dispersion treatment: stirring for 24 h
After stirring for 24 h the test item was mostly dispersed. Only part of the test item floated on the surface and stuck to the side of the Erlenmeyer flask.
Test concentration: 1000 mg/L - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Pretreatment: The sludge was washed twice with autoclaved tap water and adjusted corresponding to a dry weight of 4.0 g/l ± 10 %.
- Dry sludge concentration 3.87 g/L
- Date of receipt: 2004-11-26
Non adapted activated sludge from the sewage plant at Sarstedt, Germany, is well suited as it comprises mostly municipal sewage and very
little industrial waste water. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Test temperature:
- 21.6 °C
- pH:
- 6.94 (pH of the activated sludge)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1000 mg/l nominal, no analytical measurements
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks, DIN 12380
- Fill volume: 500 mL
- Aeration: Permanent
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): one
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): two, one at the beginning and one at the end of the test
- Biomass loading rate: 200 ml inoculum/500 ml
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: 284 mL autoclaved tap water and 16 mL synthetic waste water according to OECD 209 per 500 mL flask
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
The pH-value of the activated sludge was measured prior to testing and the temperature in the measuring cell once during the measurement.
The room temperature during the test was recorded continuously by a hygrothermograph.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : oxygen depletion of control, reference and test item was measured after 3 h incubation by means of oximeter and recorded for at least 3 minutes on a flat bed recorder.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1 nominal limit concentration
A range-finding test (NON-GLP-state) was carried out with three concentrations: 10 - 100 - 1000 mg/L.
Based on the results of the preliminary test the study was carried out with a limit test concentration of 1000 mg/L.
2 control replicates without test item were included.
A fresh sample of activated sludge taken from the sewage plant Sarstedt was used for the test procedure. It was washed twice and diluted with autoclaved tap water to a dry sludge concentration of 4.0 g/L +/- 10 %.
The reference item was tested in three concentrations within the concentration range 58 - 180 mg/L with a dilution factor of 1.8.
The respiration rates of all samples were determined subsequently to an incubation period of 3 h. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate, p.a.
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
In the reference test the EC50 -value for copper(II)-sulphate-pentahydrate was determined by probit analysis with:
EC50 = 125 mg/L
This is in the recommended confidence range of 53 - 155 mg/L.- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50-value of the reference item was calculated with probit analysis using software SIGMAPLOT (Windows) rel. 8.02, 2002, SPSS CORPORATION
Probit values were taken from WEBER (1986).
Confidence intervals were calculated according to a standard procedure (BREITIG & TÜMPLING 1982).
BREITIG, G., TÜMPLING, W. (editors, 1982): Methoden der Wasseruntersuchungen Bd.II. VEB GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG, Jena.
WEBER, E. (1986): Grundriß der biologischen Statistik, 9. Auflage - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test item is not toxic at concentrations <= 1000 mg/L to activated sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant.
- Executive summary:
A Respiration Inhibition Test with activated sludge according to OECD Guideline No. 209 was performed compliant to GLP with the submission substance (reliability category 1). Test system was activated sludge of the municipal treatment plant of D-31157 Sarstedt. The test was performed under static conditions with the nominal limit concentration of 1000 mg/L. The respiration rates of control, reference and test item concentrations were measured after a contact time of three hours, and the inhibitory effects of the test and reference concentrations were determined in comparison to the control respiration rates. No inhibition was observed at the tested limit concentration.
In order to check the activity of the test system and the test conditions a reference test was carried out with copper-(II)-sulphate-pentahydrate as reference item and the reference toxicity was determined. The EC50- value for the reference item was 125 mg/L.
Validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
The test item is not toxic at concentrations <= 1000 mg/L to activated sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28 APR 2005
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study according to OECD Guideline 209 compliant to GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate instead of the prescribed 3,5- dichlorophenol as a reference substance. The usage of dichlorophenol is unsuitable for routine lab use.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- GLP according to German "Chemikaliengesetz", EC and OECD Guideline principles
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The test item was weighed out directly into an Erlenmeyer flask and filled up with 250 mL autoclaved tap water.
- Dispersion treatment: stirring for 24 h
After stirring for 24 h the test item was mostly dispersed. Only part of the test item floated on the surface and stuck to the side of the Erlenmeyer flask.
Test concentration: 1000 mg/L - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Pretreatment: The sludge was washed twice with autoclaved tap water and adjusted corresponding to a dry weight of 4.0 g/l ± 10 %.
- Dry sludge concentration 4.12 g/L
Non adapted activated sludge from the sewage plant at Sarstedt, Germany, is well suited as it comprises mostly municipal sewage and very
little industrial waste water. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Test temperature:
- 21.0 °C
- pH:
- 6.95 (pH of the activated sludge)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1000 mg/l nominal, no analytical measurements
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks, DIN 12380
- Fill volume: 500 mL
- Aeration: Permanent
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): one
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): two
- Biomass loading rate: 200 ml inoculum/500 ml
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: 284 mL autoclaved tap water and 16 mL synthetic waste water according to OECD 209 per 500 mL flask
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
The pH-value of the activated sludge was measured prior to testing and the temperature in the measuring cell once during the measurement.
The room temperature during the test was recorded continuously by a hygrothermograph.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : oxygen depletion of control, reference and test item was measured after 3 h incubation by means of oximeter and recorded for at least 3 minutes on a flat bed recorder.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1 nominal limit concentration
A range-finding test (NON-GLP-state) was carried out with three concentrations: 10 - 100 - 1000 mg/L.
Based on the results of the preliminary test the study was carried out with a limit test concentration of 1000 mg/L.
2 control replicates without test item were included.
A fresh sample of activated sludge taken from the sewage plant Sarstedt was used for the test procedure. It was washed twice and diluted with autoclaved tap water to a dry sludge concentration of 4.0 g/L ± 10 %.
The reference item was tested in three concentrations within the concentration range 58 - 180 mg/L with a dilution factor of 1.8.
The respiration rates of all samples were determined subsequently to an incubation period of 3 h. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate, p.a.
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
In the reference test the EC50 -value for copper(II)-sulphate-pentahydrate was determined by probit analysis with:
EC50 = 107 mg/L
This is in the recommended confidence range of 53 - 155 mg/L.- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50-value of the reference item was calculated with probit analysis using software SIGMAPLOT (Windows) rel. 8.02, 2002, SPSS CORPORATION
Probit values were taken from WEBER (1986).
Confidence intervals were calculated according to a standard procedure (BREITIG & TÜMPLING 1982).
BREITIG, G., TÜMPLING, W. (editors, 1982): Methoden der Wasseruntersuchungen Bd.II. VEB GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG, Jena.
WEBER, E. (1986): Grundriß der biologischen Statistik, 9. Auflage - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test item is not toxic at concentrations <= 1000 mg/L to activated sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant.
- Executive summary:
A Respiration Inhibition Test with activated sludge according to OECD Guideline No. 209 was performed compliant to GLP with the submission substance (reliability category 1). Test system was activated sludge of the municipal treatment plant of D-31157 Sarstedt. The test was performed under static conditions with the nominal limit concentration of 1000 mg/L. The respiration rates of control, reference and test item concentrations were measured after a contact time of three hours, and the inhibitory effects of the test and reference concentrations were determined in comparison to the control respiration rates. No inhibition was observed at the tested limit concentration.
In order to check the activity of the test system and the test conditions a reference test was carried out with copper-(II)-sulphate-pentahydrate as reference item and the reference toxicity was determined. The EC50- value for the reference item was 107 mg/L.
Validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
The test item is not toxic at concentrations <= 1000 mg/L to activated sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009-10-13
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study meets requirements of OECD Guideline 211 and GLP requirements with no deviations.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Deviations are decribed in the field 'Principles of method if other than guideline'.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In contrast to the guideline, it was decided to use copper (II) suphate pentahydrate instead of the prescribed 3,5-dichlorophenol. The usage of dichlorophenol is unsuitable for routine lab use.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The test substance (500 mg) was weighed out directly into an Erlenmeyer flask, filled up with 250 mL autoclaved tap water and stirred for 24 h.
- Differential loading: 1000 mg/L
- Controls: 2 control samples without test substance were included - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge
- Details on inoculum:
- - Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Non adapted activated sludge from the sewage plant at sarstedt (Municipal sewage treatment plant of 31157 Sarstedt, Germany)
- Pretreatment: Washed twice with autoclaved tap water and adjusted to a dry weight concentration of 4.0 g/L +/- 10 %
- Dry sludge concentration: 4.14 g/L - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Hardness:
- Not determined
- Test temperature:
- 20.1 °C
- pH:
- 6.68
- Salinity:
- Not determined
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask, DIN 12380
- Aeration: Permanent
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- Composition of test medium: 200 mL inoculum + 16 mL synthetic waste water (acc. to the guideline) + 284 mL autoclaved tap water + test substance concentration (directly weighing of 500 mg)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Determination of respiration rates subsequently to an incubation period of 3 h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: None, limit test concentration
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 10 - 100 - 1000 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes
Inhibitions of the Range-Finding Test
Concentration
[mg/L] Inhibition *
[%]
10 -1
100 -3
1000 3
*) Promotion of respiration is signed with minus (-) - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate p.a.
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Details on results:
- - Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: None
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: After stirring the test item was dispersed and swam partly on the surface. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- Relevant effect levels: EC50: 117 (CI 54 - 156) mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50 of the reference item was calculated with probit analysis using software SIGMAPLOT (Windows), SPSS CORPORATION.
Probit values were taken from WEBER (1986). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test item is not toxic at concentrations = 1000 mg/L to activated sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant.
- Executive summary:
A Respiration Inhibition Test with activated sludge according to OECD Guideline No. 209 was carried out with the test item on 2009-10-13 at Dr.U.Noack-Laboratorien, D-31157 Sarstedt. Test system was activated sludge of the municipal treatment plant of D-31157 Sarstedt. The test was carried out under static conditions with the limit concentration 1000 mg/L. The respiration rates of the control, reference and test item replicates were measured after a contact time of three hours, and the inhibitory effects of the test and reference item were determined in comparison to the control respiration rates. No inhibition was observed for the test item.
In order to check the activity of the test system and the test conditions a reference test was carried out with copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate as reference item and the reference toxicity was determined. The EC50- value for the reference item was 117 mg/L.
Validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Refer to the analogue approach provided in the CSR.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Noack, 2005
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Noack, 2009
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Noack, 2004
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Respiration rates and inhibition of respiration of test and reference item concentrations
|
Concentration |
Respiration rate |
Inhibition |
Test item |
1000 |
37.6 |
-21 |
Control 1 |
- |
29.2 |
- |
Control 2 |
- |
33.2 |
- |
Reference item |
180 |
8.4 |
73 |
|
100 |
18.8 |
40 |
|
58 |
29.2 |
6 |
Difference of the control respiration rates: 5 %
Table 1: Respiration rates and inhibition of respiration of test and reference item concentrations
|
Concentration |
Respiration rate |
Inhibition |
Test item |
1000 |
30.4 |
6 |
Control 1 |
- |
33.2 |
- |
Control 2 |
- |
31.6 |
- |
Reference item |
180 |
8.4 |
74 |
|
100 |
16.8 |
48 |
|
58 |
25.6 |
21 |
Difference of the control respiration rates: 5 %
From the oxygen depletion the respiration rates were calculated in mg O2/L×h.
The inhibition of the respiration rates from the test and reference item concentrations in % was calculated in comparison with the respiration rates from the control.
Respiration Rates and Inhibition of Respiration of Test and Reference Item Concentrations
Concentration |
Respiration rate |
Inhibition |
|
[mg/L] |
[mgO2/L×h] |
[%] |
|
Test item |
1000 |
21.6 |
5 |
Control 1 |
– |
23.6 |
– |
Control 2 |
– |
22.0 |
– |
Reference item |
180 |
6.0 |
74 |
100 |
14.0 |
39 |
|
58 |
19.2 |
16 |
Description of key information
EC10/ NOEC sewage treatment plant microorganisms ≥ 1000 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Reliable (category 1) OECD 209 tests (Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition), compliant to GLP and meeting the validity criteria of the OECD-guideline were performed with Pigments Red 2, 112 and 146. Static test design was applied. No toxicity was observed in regard to respiration rate at nominal limit concentrations of 1000 mg/L (3 hours exposure time) with any of these pigments. Therefore, Naphtol-AS Pigments are to be regarded as nontoxic to sewage sludge microorganism.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.