1,2-Heptanediol

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Genetic toxicity in vitro

Description of key information

In the key bacterial reverse mutation assay according to OECD guideline 471, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used. Therefore, the test item is considered to be non-mutagenic in this Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Version / remarks:

2008-05-30

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

1997-07-21

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Target gene:

The Salmonella typhimurium histidine (his) reversion system measures his- → his+ reversions. The Salmonella typhimurium strains are constructed to differentiate between base pair (TA1535, TA100) and frameshift (TA1537, TA98) mutations. The Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA (trp) reversion system measures trp– → trp+ reversions. The Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA strain detects mutagens that cause other base-pair substitutions (AT to GC).

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- Source of S9: Phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone induced rat liver S9
- Method of preparation of S9 mix: An appropriate quantity of S9 supernatant was thawed and mixed with 8 mM MgCl2, 33 mM KCl, 5 mM glucose-6-phosphate, 4 mM NADP in 100 mM sodium-ortho-phosphate-buffer, pH 7.4.
- Concentration or volume of S9 mix and S9 in the final culture medium: 0.5 mL of S9 mix containing 0.05 mL of S9 in a final culture volume of 2.7 mL.
- Quality controls of S9: Each batch of S9 was routinely tested for its capability to activate the known mutagens benzo[a]pyrene and 2-aminoanthracene in the Ames test.

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate (experiment I) and 33 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 μg/plate (experiment II). The top dose was selected on the basis of the toxicity results in experiment I and on the basis of the maximum recommended concentration defined in OECD guideline 471.

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicles used: DMSO (test item, 4-NOPD, 2-AA), deionised water (NaN3, MMS)

- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The solvent was chosen because of its solubility properties and its relative nontoxicity to the bacteria.

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

deionised water (NaN3, MMS), DMSO (4-NOPD, 2-AA)

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

methylmethanesulfonate

other: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine (4-NOPD), 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA)

Remarks:

With S9:
2-AA: 2.5 μg/plate (TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100), 10.0 μg/plate (WP2 uvrA)

Without S9:
NaN3: 10 μg/plate (TA 1535, TA 100)
4-NOPD: 10 μg/plate (TA 98), 50 μg/plate (TA 1537)
MMS: 2.0 μL/plate (WP2 uvrA)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration: Triplicate
- Number of independent experiments: 2

METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Cell density at seeding: 10^8-10^9 cells/mL
- Incubation method: Plate incorporation (experiment I), preincubation (experiment II)

TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Preincubation period: 1 hour
- Exposure duration/duration of treatment: At least 48 hours

METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY
Background growth inhibition and reduction in the number of spontaneous revertants

METHODS FOR MEASUREMENTS OF GENOTOXICIY
Mean number of revertants

Rationale for test conditions:

According to OECD guideline 471

Evaluation criteria:

A test item is considered as a mutagen if a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants of twofold or above (strains TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA) or threefold or above (strains TA 1535 and TA 1537) the spontaneous mutation rate of the corresponding solvent control is observed. A dose dependent increase is considered biologically relevant if the threshold is reached or exceeded at more than one concentration. An increase of revertant colonies equal or above the threshold at only one concentration is judged as biologically relevant if reproduced in an independent second experiment. A dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies below the threshold is regarded as an indication of a mutagenic potential if reproduced in an independent second experiment. However, whenever the colony counts remain within the historical range of negative and solvent controls such an increase is not considered biologically relevant.

Statistics:

According to the OECD guideline 471, a statistical analysis of the data is not mandatory.

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

True negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

True negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

True negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

True negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

True negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation and time of the determination: The test item precipitated in the overlay agar in the test tubes at 5000 μg/plate in experiment I only. No precipitation of the test item occurred in the overlay agar on the incubated agar plates.

STUDY RESULTS
- Concurrent vehicle negative and positive control data: See "Attached background material"

Ames test:
- Signs of toxicity: No toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), occurred in all strains with and without metabolic activation.
- Individual plate counts: See "Attached background material"
- Mean number of revertant colonies per plate and standard deviation: See "Attached background material"

HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA
- Positive historical control data: See "Attached background material"
- Negative (solvent/vehicle) historical control data: See "Attached background material"

Conclusions:

In conclusion, it can be stated that during the described mutagenicity test and under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used. Therefore, the test item is considered to be non-mutagenic in this Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.

Executive summary:

This GLP compliant study according to OECD guideline 471 was performed to investigate the potential of the test item to induce gene mutations according to the plate incorporation test (experiment I) and the pre-incubation test (experiment II) using the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and the Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA. The assay was performed in two independent experiments both with and without liver microsomal activation. Each concentration, including the controls, was tested in triplicate. The test item was tested at the following concentrations:

 

Pre-Experiment/Experiment I: 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate

Experiment II: 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate

 

The test item precipitated in the overlay agar in the test tubes at 5000 μg/plate in experiment I only. No precipitation of the test item occurred in the overlay agar on the incubated agar plates. The plates incubated with the test item showed reduced background growth in experiment II in strain TA 1537 at 5000 μg/plate in the presence and absence of S9 mix. No toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), occurred in all strains with and without metabolic activation. No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with the test item at any dose level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance. Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls and showed a distinct increase of induced revertant colonies. In conclusion, it can be stated that during the described mutagenicity test and under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used. Therefore, the test item is considered to be non-mutagenic in this Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (negative)

Genetic toxicity in vivo

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Mode of Action Analysis / Human Relevance Framework

Key, genetic toxicity in vitro (Ames), RL1

A GLP compliant study according to OECD guideline 471 was performed to investigate the potential of the test item to induce gene mutations according to the plate incorporation test (experiment I) and the pre-incubation test (experiment II) using the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and the Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA. The assay was performed in two independent experiments both with and without liver microsomal activation. Each concentration, including the controls, was tested in triplicate. The test item was tested at the following concentrations:

 

Pre-Experiment/Experiment I: 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate

Experiment II: 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate

 

The test item precipitated in the overlay agar in the test tubes at 5000 μg/plate in experiment I only. No precipitation of the test item occurred in the overlay agar on the incubated agar plates. The plates incubated with the test item showed reduced background growth in experiment II in strain TA 1537 at 5000 μg/plate in the presence and absence of S9 mix. No toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), occurred in all strains with and without metabolic activation. No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with the test item at any dose level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance. Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls and showed a distinct increase of induced revertant colonies. In conclusion, it can be stated that during the described mutagenicity test and under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used. Therefore, the test item is considered to be non-mutagenic in this Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
The available experimental test data is reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. Based on the available data, the test substance is not classified for genetic toxicity according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), as amended for sixteenth time in Regulation (EU) No 2021/743.