2,4-dinitroanisole

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

March 2013

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPP 72-2 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not required

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

Study conducted to a high scientific standard and findings presented in a comprehensive test report.

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: Holston Army Ammunition Plant, Lot #BAE10H281-008

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: 4°C until analysis

TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: dissolution in freswater during 48h using a magnetic stirring bar

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5 %, 6.25%
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: 4°C

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Dissolution during 48h in freshwater using a magnetic stirring bar
- Eluate: Freshwater
- Controls: Negative control
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: analytical measurement
- Evidence of undissolved material: no undissolved material

Test organisms (species):

Ceriodaphnia dubia

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Cerodaphnia dubia
- Age of parental stock: Daphnids have three-brood of neonates

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

not specified

Test temperature:

23.4 - 24. 5 (°C)

pH:

7.91 - 8.26

Dissolved oxygen:

7.3 - 8.0 (mg/L)

Salinity:

NA

Conductivity:

275 - 318 (μS/cm)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal (mg/L): 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100
Measured mg/L): 0, 7.1, 13, 28, 74, 120

Details on test conditions:

not specified

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

KCl

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

>= 37 - <= 47 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Key result

Duration:

6 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

< 24.2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

not specified

Nominal (mg/L) Measured test initiation (mg/L) Measured test termination (mg/L) Mean survival 0 <0.01 <0.01 90 ±20 6 7.1 7.2 95 ±10 12 13 14 80 ±0 25 28 28 95 ±10 50 74 68 0 ±0 100 120 120 0 ±0

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 48-hr acute toxicity of DNAN ranged from 37 to 47 mg/L for the species tested.

Executive summary:

Acute and chronic aquatic toxicity of DNAN was investigated using standard invertebrate (Ceriodaphnia dubia). Chemical analysis of test water indicated that DNAN concentrations were relatively stable during the bioassays. Acute toxicity was 48 -hr lethal median concentrations (LC50) ranging from 37 to 47 mg/L DNAN. Chronic toxicity tests indicated that the invertebrate had no significant impact on survival at 24 mg/L. However, the reproduction endpoint for the invertebrate was significantly more sensitive to DNAN than survival. When assessing the most sensitive chronic endpoints, the tests indicated lowest observable adverse impacts ranging from 10 to 12 mg/L DNAN and median effects on sublethal endpoints (growth, reproduction) ranging from 11 to 15 mg/L DNAN. Chronic no-effect concentrations ranged from approximately 6 to 8 mg/L DNAN.

Description of key information

The 48-hr acute toxicity (LC50) of DNAN was found to be 37 mg/L for Ceriodaphnia dubia.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

37 mg/L

Additional information

A determination of the acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of DNAN was conducted (U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, ERDC/EL TR-13-2, 2013). Tests were conducted in accordance with standard guidance (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 2002a, EPA-821-R-02-012).

Groups of Cerodaphnia dubia were initially exposed to a nominal concentration range of 0 - 100 mg/L DNAN in MHRW, using a 90% dilution series (100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01%). Based on range-finding results, definitive acute toxicity tests were conducted in the nominal concentration range of 0 – 100 mg/L DNAN, using a 50% dilution series (100, 50, 25, 13, 6 and 0 %). The measurement endpoint was survival after 48-hr exposure.

It was concluded that the 48-hr LC50 for Cerodaphnia dubia ranged from 37 – 47 mg/L.