N-(4-chlorobenzhydryl)piperazine

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: screening tests

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

The supporting QMRF Report has been attached.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The prediction was done by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of the test material: 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine
- Common Name: Norchlorcyclizine
- IUPAC name: 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine
- Molecular weight: 286.804 g/mol
- Molecular formula: C17H19ClN2
- Substance type: Organic
- SMILES Notation: c1([C@@H](c2ccccc2)N2CCNCC2)ccc(Cl)cc1
- InChI: 1S/C17H19ClN2/c18-16-8-6-15(7-9-16)17(14-4-2-1-3-5-14)20-12-10-19-11-13-20/h1-9,17,19H,10-13H2
- Physical State: Solid (white to pale yellow)

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

other: Microorganisms

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

other: BOD

Key result

Parameter:

other: % biodegradability BOD

Value:

1

Sampling time:

28 d

Remarks on result:

other: other details not available

Details on results:

Percent biodegradation of test chemical 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine was determined to be 1 % by considering BOD as parameter in 28 days.

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: BOD
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 6 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

(((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e" )  and ("f" and ( not "g") )  )  and "h" )  and "i" )  and ("j" and ( not "k") )  )  and ("l" and "m" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Secondary amines by OECD HPV Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aliphatic Amines by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Michael addition AND Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals AND Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes AND SN1 AND SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation AND SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation >> Aliphatic tertiary amines by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Narcotic Amine by Acute aquatic toxicity MOA by OASIS

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aliphatic Amines by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Michael addition AND Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals AND Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes AND SN1 AND SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation AND SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation >> Aliphatic tertiary amines by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates >> Benzylamines-Acylation OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition >> Alpha, beta- unsaturated esters OR No alert found OR Schiff base formers OR Schiff base formers >> Chemicals Activated by P450 to Glyoxal  OR Schiff base formers >> Chemicals Activated by P450 to Glyoxal  >> Ethanolamines (including morpholine) OR Schiff base formers >> Chemicals Activated by P450 to Glyoxal  >> Ethylenediamines (including piperazine) OR Schiff base formers >> Chemicals Activated by P450 to Mono-aldehydes OR Schiff base formers >> Chemicals Activated by P450 to Mono-aldehydes >> Benzylamines-Schiff base OR Schiff base formers >> Chemicals Activated by P450 to Mono-aldehydes >> N-methylol derivates OR SN1 >> Nitrosation-SN1 OR SN1 >> Nitrosation-SN1 >> N-Nitroso-SN1 OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Nitrosation-SN2 OR SN2 >> Nitrosation-SN2 >> Nitroso-SN2 OR SN2 >> SN2 at an sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at an sp3 Carbon atom >> Phosphates by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Does NOT Biodegrade Fast by Biodeg probability (Biowin 2) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Does NOT Biodegrade Fast by Biodeg probability (Biowin 5) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Halogens AND Non-Metals by Groups of elements

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Metalloids by Groups of elements

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of Molecular weight which is >= 160 Da

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of Molecular weight which is <= 293 Da

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

not readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Percent biodegradation of test chemical 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine was determined to be 1 % by considering BOD as parameter and microorganisms as inoculum in 28 days. Based on % biodegrdability value it is concluded that this test chemical in not readily biodegradable.

Executive summary:

Percent biodegradability of test chemical 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine (CAS no. 303-26-4) was estimated by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 using Log Kow as primary descriptor. Percent biodegradation of test chemical 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine was determined to be 1 % by considering BOD as parameter  and microorganisms as inoculum in 28 days. Based on % biodegrdability value it is concluded that this test chemical in not readily biodegradable.

Description of key information

Percent biodegradability of test chemical 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine (CAS no. 303-26-4) was estimated by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 using Log Kow as primary descriptor. Percent biodegradation of test chemical 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine was determined to be 1 % by considering BOD as parameter  and microorganisms as inoculum in 28 days. Based on % biodegrdability value it is concluded that this test chemical in not readily biodegradable.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

under test conditions no biodegradation observed

Additional information

Predicted data studies for target chemical chemical 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine (CAS no. 303-26-4)and experimental studies for its read across chemicals have been studied and their results are summarized below for biodegradation water endpoint.

In first weight of evidence study the Percent biodegradability of test chemical 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine (CAS no. 303-26-4) was estimated by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 using Log Kow as primary descriptor. Percent biodegradation of test chemical 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine was determined to be 1 % by considering BOD as parameter  and microorganisms as inoculum in 28 days. Based on % biodegrdability value it is concluded that this test chemical in not readily biodegradable.

 

Second weight of evidence study was done by using Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017) to estimate the biodegradation potential of the test compound 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine (CAS no. 303 -26 -4) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical  1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

Next weight of evidence study was done from authoritative database (J Check, 2017) for structurally similar read across chemical in this study the biodegradation experiment was conducted for 14 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance Piperazine (CAS No: 110-85-0).Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l. The percentage degradation of read across substance obtained was 1.4% by BOD, 1% by TOC removal and 2.8% by GC parameter in 14 days. Thus, read across substance Piperazine (CAS No: 110-85-0) is considered to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Last weight of evidence study was also done from same source as mentioned above for red across chemical in this study the read across chemical 1-methyl-diethylenediamine(CAS no. 109-01-3) was subjected to biodegradation test by taking sludge as inoculums at 30 mg/L concentration. Biodegradation was analysed by using O2 Consumption, DOC removal and test material analysis by HPLC parameters. The initial concentration of read across chemical was 100 mg/L. After 4 weeks (28 days) test chemical showed 0% biodegradation by all three parameters mentioned above so it is concluded that this read across chemical 1-methyl-diethylenediamine is not readily biodegradable.

On the basis of results of above mentioned studies for target chemical 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine( from OECD QSAR tool boxv3.3 and EPI suite) and supporting weight of evidence study ( from J Check, 2017). It is concluded that the test chemical1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine can be expected to be not readily biodegradable.