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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2014
Report date:
2014

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: SEPA, The Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, 2004, 299 Seed Germination/Root Elongation Toxicity Test
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
See any other information on materials and methods section
GLP compliance:
yes

Test material

Constituent 1
Test material form:
solid
Details on test material:
- Purity: 99.9%

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
- Concentrations: 3.20, 6.30, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100% (nominal)
- Sampling method: UPLC
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: The samples were stored in refrigerator (5 ± 3°C) if they were not analyzed directly in 24 hours.

Test substrate

Vehicle:
yes
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Method of mixing into soil: Clean quartz sand (about 220 g) were added to homemade inert plastic boxes, then 60-65 mL test solution was mixed to prepare the test matrix. The test plant seeds were placed on the test substrate surface, stamped and put into artificial climate chamber.
- Controls: Ultrapure water
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Deionized water
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): 380 mg/L

Test organisms

open allclose all
Species:
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Cabbage
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: Not reported
- Source of seed: Su Yang of Jiang Su provience
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: Untreated seeds
- Seed storage: Stored in seed keeper under 4°C and 10% humidity
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Cucumber
- Plant family: Cucurbitaceae
- Variety: Not reported
- Source of seed: Su Yang of Jiang Su provience
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: Untreated seeds
- Seed storage: Stored in seed keeper under 4°C and 10% humidity
Species:
Daucus carota
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Carrot
- Plant family: Apiaceae
- Variety: Not reported
- Source of seed: Su Yang of Jiang Su provience
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: Untreated seeds
- Seed storage: Stored in seed keeper under 4°C and 10% humidity
Species:
other: Capsicum frutescens
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Chili pepper
- Plant family: Solanaceae
- Variety: Not reported
- Source of seed: Su Yang of Jiang Su provience
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: Untreated seeds
- Seed storage: Stored in seed keeper under 4°C and 10% humidity
Species:
Glycine max (G. soja)
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Soybean
- Plant family: Fabaceae
- Variety: Not reported
- Source of seed: Su Yang of Jiang Su provience
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: Untreated seeds
- Seed storage: Stored in seed keeper under 4°C and 10% humidity
Species:
Lycopersicon esculentum
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Tomato
- Plant family: Solanaceae
- Variety: Not reported
- Source of seed: Su Yang of Jiang Su provience
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: Untreated seeds
- Seed storage: Stored in seed keeper under 4°C and 10% humidity
Species:
Oryza sativa
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Rice
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Variety: Not reported
- Source of seed: Su Yang of Jiang Su provience
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: Untreated seeds
- Seed storage: Stored in seed keeper under 4°C and 10% humidity
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Lettuce
- Plant family: Asteraceae
- Variety: Not reported
- Source of seed: Su Yang of Jiang Su provience
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: Untreated seeds
- Seed storage: Stored in seed keeper under 4°C and 10% humidity
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Wheat
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Variety: Not reported
- Source of seed: Su Yang of Jiang Su provience
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: Untreated seeds
- Seed storage: Stored in seed keeper under 4°C and 10% humidity
Species:
Zea mays
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Details on test organisms:
- Common name: Corn
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Variety: Not reported
- Source of seed: Su Yang of Jiang Su provience
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: Untreated seeds
- Seed storage: Stored in seed keeper under 4°C and 10% humidity

Study design

Test type:
seed germination/root elongation toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
other: Quartz sand with deionized water
Remarks:
7.5 mol/L nitric acid soak, then wash
Limit test:
yes

Test conditions

Test temperature:
Lettuce: 19.5-20.0°C, Others: 25.0-25.5°C
pH:
8.101 to 8.955
Moisture:
Between 5.23% and 8.35%
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: Bioassay and Safety Assessment Laboratory, APM
- Test container (type, material, size): Home made inert plastic box
- Amount of soil: About 220 g
- No. of seeds per container: 10 per species
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 3
- No. of replicates per control: 3

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : The test lasted until at least 65% of the control seeds had germinated and developed roots that were at least 20 mm long. The number of seeds that germinated were counted and the root lengths were measured for each test species. And the inhibition of the germination and elongation for each species were calculated.

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes

Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.1, 1, 10 and 100%
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: According to the measurement results, 10 kinds of plant seeds germination and root elongation inhibition rate occured between 0.1% to 100% water-saturated solution. Therefore, the definitive test was conducted in the concentration range of 1% to 100% water saturated solution.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Measured concentrations: 9.28, 20.0, 40.0, 77.4, 164 and 330 mg/L.
Nominal concentrations: 3.2, 6.3, 12.5, 25.0, 50, 100% saturated solution
Reference substance (positive control):
no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
Key result
Species:
Glycine max (G. soja)
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 300 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Glycine max (G. soja)
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Glycine max (G. soja)
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
36.7 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Glycine max (G. soja)
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Lycopersicon esculentum
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
70.1 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Lycopersicon esculentum
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Lycopersicon esculentum
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
15.8 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
0.86-32.9 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Lycopersicon esculentum
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
75.7 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
39.2-154 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Daucus carota
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
18.8 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
0.537-41.5 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Daucus carota
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
103 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
51.6-250 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Daucus carota
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
30 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
2.16-57.3 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Daucus carota
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
122 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
69.2-242 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
198 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
other: Brassica oleracea
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
3.85 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
other: Brassica oleracea
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
other: Brassica oleracea
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
62 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
3.08-108 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
other: Brassica oleracea
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
209 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
129-454 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
other: Capsicum frutescans
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
52.4 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
0.635-100 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
other: Capsicum frutescans
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
225 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
132-846 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
other: Capsicum frutescans
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
116 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
51.7-150 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
other: Capsicum frutescans
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
206 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
165-264 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
41.4 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
2.1E-09 - 98.3 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
174 - 4.9E+08 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
68.8 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
199 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
24.1 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
141 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
66.8-183 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
248 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
197-308 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
4.64 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
16.9 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
0.0412-09 - 43.5 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
133 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL
Remarks:
60.1-644 mg/L; duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Zea mays
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Zea mays
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
germination
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Zea mays
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
35.6 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Key result
Species:
Zea mays
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 330 other: mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: duration not specified
Reported statistics and error estimates:
The inhibition rate of germination and root length of each species were calculated, (Maximum Likelihood-Probit, Linear Interpolation et al) respectively by software Toxcalc v5.0.26. The results were expressed with the measured concentration.

Any other information on results incl. tables

The pH of test solutions were between 8.101 to 8.955 in definitive test.

Method validation: Untreated seed (not treated with fungicides, repellents, etc.) taken from the same lot and year or season of collection was used in this test. In addition, all seeds of the species used in this test were from the same size level. At the beginning of the test the water content the seeds were measured between 5.23% and 8.35%, less than 10%. Germination percentage of the control treatments were from 80 to 100%, above 60%.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Executive summary:

The study was conducted according to guidelines of "SEPA, The Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, 2004, 299 Seed Germination/Root Elongation Toxicity Test". 

Seed germination and root elongation toxicity of test substance to Glycine max, Lycopersicon esculentum, Daucus carota, Cucumis sativus, Brassica oleracea, Capsicum frutescans, Oryza sativa, Lactuca sativa, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays were determined. 

According to the result of the solubility test, the solubility of test substance was 380 mg/L (20°C), it was added to ultra-pure water, vigorously stirred for 72 hours at the speed of 700 rpm and filtered with 0.45 µm membrane (Whatmann) to prepare the water saturated solutions as the stock solution (mean measured concentration was 330 mg/L). The stock solution was then diluted with ultrapure water to be the test solution of each concentration. 

Based on the range-finding test results, the definitive test contained 6 concentrations of the test substance and used ultra-pure water as the blank control group. The ratio coefficient of concentrations between the concentrations was approximately 2.0, the nominal concentrations of the saturation solution of the test substance in the test system were, respectively, 3.20, 6.30, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100% (the measured concentrations were 9.28, 20.0, 40.0, 77.4, 164 and 330 mg/L). Each concentration had three parallel, each had 10 seeds. When the germination rate of the control group reached 65% and the average root length reached 20 mm, the trial reached the endpoint. At the beginning of the test, the seed moisture contents were between 5.23 and 8.35%, less than 10%, the average seed germination rate in control group was from 80% to 100%, more than 60%, therefore, the test is valid. 

Seed germination and root elongation inhibition effects of the test substance to 10 test plants are as follows:

Soybean (Glycine max)

Inhibition of germination of EC10 and EC50 were higher than 330 mg/L.

Inhibition of root elongation of EC10 was 36.7 mg/L and EC50 was higher than 330 mg/L, Chi-Sq was 2.54. 

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Inhibition of germination of EC10 was 70.1 mg/L and EC50 was higher than 330 mg/L, Chi-Sq was 2.84.

Inhibition of root elongation of EC10 was 15.8 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 0.86 -32.9 mg/L) and EC50 was 75.7 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 39.2 -154 mg/L), Chi-Sq was 1.37. 

Carrot (Daucus carota)

Inhibition of germination of EC10 was 18.8 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 0.537 -41.5 mg/L) and EC50 103 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 51.6 -250 mg/L), Chi-Sq was 5.51.

Inhibition of root elongation of EC10 was 30.0 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 2.16 -57.3 mg/L) and EC50 was 122 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 69.2 -242 mg/L), Chi-Sq was 4.70.

 Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Inhibition of germination of EC10 and EC50 were higher than 330 mg/L.

Inhibition of root elongation of EC10 was 198 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 136 -208 mg/L) and EC50 was higher than 330 mg/L.

 Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

Inhibition of germination of EC10 was 3.85 mg/L and EC50 was higher than 330 mg/L, Chi-Sq was 0.951.

Inhibition of root elongation of EC10 was 62.0 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 3.08 -108 mg/L) and EC50 was 209 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 129 -454 mg/L), Chi-Sq was 4.72. 

Pepper (Capsicum frutescans)

Inhibition of germination of EC10 was 52.4 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 0.635 -100 mg/L) and EC50 was 225 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 132 -846 mg/L), Chi-Sq was 2.27.

Inhibition of root elongation of EC10 was 116 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 51.7 -150 mg/L) and EC50 was 206 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 165 -264 mg/L), Chi-Sq was 7.00. 

Rice (Oryza sativa)

Inhibition of germination of EC10 was 41.4 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 2.1E-09 to 98.3 mg/L) and EC50 was higher than 330 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 174 to 4.9E+08 mg/L), Chi-Sq was 0.771.

Inhibition of root elongation of EC10 was 68.8 mg/L and EC50 was 199 mg/L, Chi-Sq was 14.0. 

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Inhibition of germination of EC10 was 24.1 mg/L and EC50 was higher than 330 mg/L, Chi-Sq was 2.74.

Inhibition of root elongation of EC10 was 141 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 66.8 -183 mg/L) and EC50 was 248 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 197 -308 mg/L), Chi-Sq was 3.39. 

Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Inhibition of germination of EC10 was 4.64 mg/L and EC50 was higher than 330 mg/L.

Inhibition of root elongation of EC10 was 16.9 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 0.0412-09 -43.5 mg/L) and EC50 was 133 mg/L (95% confidence limit was 60.1 -644 mg/L), Chi-Sq was 1.00. 

Corn (Zea mays)

Inhibition of germination of EC10 and EC50 was higher than 330 mg/L.

Inhibition of root elongation of EC10 was 35.6 mg/L and EC50 was higher than 330 mg/L, Chi-Sq was 3.07.