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Diss Factsheets

Toxicological information

Repeated dose toxicity: oral

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
sub-chronic toxicity: oral
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Justification for type of information:
Data is from peer-reviewed journal

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Toxicity of methylsulfonylmethane in rats
Author:
K. Horvath
Year:
2002
Bibliographic source:
Food and Chemical Toxicology

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
no guideline available
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of test substance in rats.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Limit test:
yes

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Dimethyl sulphone
EC Number:
200-665-9
EC Name:
Dimethyl sulphone
Cas Number:
67-71-0
Molecular formula:
C2H6O2S
IUPAC Name:
dimethyl sulphone
Specific details on test material used for the study:
SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source of test material: Cardinal Nutrition, Inc.(OptiMSMTM Vancouver, WA, USA)
- Lot/batch No.of test material: #99121.11
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: no data
- Purity test date: no data

RADIOLABELLING INFORMATION (if applicable)
- Radiochemical purity: no data
- Specific activity: no data
- Locations of the label: no data
- Expiration date of radiochemical substance: no data

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material:no data
- Stability under test conditions: no data
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: no data
- Reactivity of the test substance with the solvent/vehicle of the cell culture medium: no data

TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing:no data
- Preliminary purification step (if any): no data
- Final dilution of a dissolved solid, stock liquid or gel: no data
- Final preparation of a solid: no data

FORM AS APPLIED IN THE TEST (if different from that of starting material): no data

OTHER SPECIFICS: no data

Test animals

Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Remarks:
Crl:(WI)BR
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Hungary Ltd (Budapest, Hungary)
- Age at study initiation: 5 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: 84-108 g
- Fasting period before study: Overnight
- Housing: Rats were housed two per cage of the same sex in Type II macrolon cages.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): standardized rat and mouse diet VRF-1 (Altromin GmbH, Lage, Germany)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water; ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22±30 °C
- Humidity (%): between 30 and 80%
- Air changes (per hr): 15 times per h
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12-h light/dark cycles

IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: No data

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
oral: gavage
Vehicle:
water
Details on oral exposure:
PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: 1500 mg/kg of MSM in a volume of 10 ml/kg distilled water.

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): No data
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): No data
- Storage temperature of food: No data

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): No data
- Concentration in vehicle: 1.5 g/kg (1500 mg/kg)
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 10 ml/kg
- Lot/batch no. (if required): A0010699
- Purity: No data
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
not specified
Duration of treatment / exposure:
90 days
Frequency of treatment:
Daily
Doses / concentrations
Dose / conc.:
1 500 other: mg/kg
No. of animals per sex per dose:
Total: 80 rats
40 males and 40 females
Control animals:
yes
Details on study design:
No data

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: No data
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included. No data

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Twice daily

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Weekly.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): yes (measured weekly)
Mean food consumption was calculated from the amount consumed in 10 cages (20 animals)

FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No data
- Time schedule for examinations: No data

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No data
- Time schedule for examinations: No data
- Dose groups that were examined: No data

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: No data
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: No data
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: 5 male & 5 female rats
- Parameters that were examined:
Erythrocyte (RBC), leukocyte (WBC) and platelet (PLT) counts, hematocrit (Hct) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) using a Coulter AcT8 cytometer (Coulter Diagnostics, FL, USA).

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: No data
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: No data
- Parameters that were examined: serum enzymes, lipid profile,serum proteins, albumin and blood chemistries

URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: prior to treatment and on week 7
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: No data
- How many animals: 5 male & 5 female rats
- Animals fasted: No data
- Parameters that were examined: Appearance,volume, specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose and blood

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No data
- Time schedule for examinations: No data
- Dose groups that were examined: No data
- Battery of functions tested: No data

OTHER
DETAILED MORTALITY OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Twice daily
Sacrifice and pathology:
Necropsy was performed 91 days after initiation of treatment.
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
A full gross necropsy was performed. The following organs were weighed, examined: liver, kidneys, adrenals, left testicle, spleen, brain, thymus, heart, mesenteric lymph nodes, submandibular lymph nodes, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, lungs, pituitary, trachea, esophagus, thyroids, parthyroids, left epididymis, prostate, uterus and ovaries, right testes and epididymis, bone marrow.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Statistics:
Bartlett’s test of variances was used to compare variances among treatment groups. If the variances proved to be homogeneous, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. If ANOVA detected significant differences (P <0.05), a Dunnett’s test for comparing treatment means with a control was used.
If the values for the treatment groups failed Bartlett’s homogeneity test, the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric ANOVA was performed. If significant differences were found among the groups, distribution-free multiple comparisons were performed.

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No clinical sings was observed.
Mortality:
no mortality observed
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
no effects observed
Food efficiency:
not specified
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not specified
Ophthalmological findings:
not specified
Haematological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No hematological alterations were measured. All hematology data were within normal limits.
Clinical biochemistry findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No blood chemistry alterations were measured. All blood chemistry values were within normal physiologic ranges.
Urinalysis findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Urinalysis was normal without glucosuria, proteinuria or hematuria.
Behaviour (functional findings):
not specified
Immunological findings:
not specified
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No difference in organ weights between the two groups were observed in comparison to the control group.
Gross pathological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No gross pathological lesions were noted.
Neuropathological findings:
not specified
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No treatment-related lesions were seen in the kidneys of rats receiving the limit dose of 1500 mg/kg MSM by the oral route. There were no other treatment related histopathologic findings in any of the kidneys of the control or test substance treated males and females.
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
not specified
Other effects:
not specified
Details on results:
Oral administration of 1500 mg/kg/day (1.5 g/kg/day) MSM for 90 days did not cause any adverse effects or mortality. Body weight and estimated food consumption were not affected. No hematological or clinical chemical alterations were noted. No gross pathological lesions were noted. Renal histology of treated animals was normal.

Effect levels

Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
1 500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
body weight and weight gain
clinical biochemistry
clinical signs
food consumption and compound intake
gross pathology
haematology
histopathology: non-neoplastic
mortality
organ weights and organ / body weight ratios
urinalysis
other: No any adverse effects was observed
Remarks on result:
other: No toxic effect were observed

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:
no

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Oral administration of 1500 mg/kg/day (1.5 g/kg/day) test substance for 90 days did not cause any adverse effects or mortality. Body weight and estimated food consumption were not affected. No hematological or clinical chemical alterations were noted. Renal histology of treated animals was normal.Thus, the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of test substance in this 90 day gavage study was determined to be 1500 mg/kg/day.
Executive summary:

In a subchronic study, male and female Wistar [Crl:(WI)BR] rats (20/sex) were orally administered (via gavage) either distilled water or 1500 mg/kg/day of test substance in distilled water for 90 days. The major organs were weighed and fixed in formaldehyde for histopathological observations, and clinical chemistry parameters (i.e., serum enzymes, lipid profile,serum proteins, albumin and blood chemistries) and urinalysis parameters (i.e., appearance, volume, specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, and blood) were analyzed. No effects on body weight, hematological parameters or histopathological lesions in organs and tissues were found. At necropsy, no gross pathological changes or differences in organ weights were noted, except for a significant increase in kidney weights of treated male rats. Histopathological examination of kidneys in both males and females did not reveal any treatment related lesions, and therefore the significant kidney weight difference was considered likely due to low within-group deviations rather than a toxicological effect. Thus, the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of test substance in this 90 day gavage study was determined to be 1500 mg/kg/day.