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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 201-069-1 | CAS number: 77-92-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 E (Ready biodegradability: Modified OECD Screening Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- In order to maintain an optimal C:N:P ratio, ammonium concentration specified in the OECD procedure was tripled.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: The inoculum 0.05% effluent
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 19 d
- Initial conc.:
- 3 - 20 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: To maintain an optimal C:N:P ratio, the ammonium concentration specified in the OECD procedure was tripled. In addition, a trace metal and an essential vitamin solution was added to optimize the test conditions. - Reference substance:
- not specified
- Test performance:
- No information given
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 100
- Sampling time:
- 19 d
- Results with reference substance:
- Result with reference substance was not given
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- A ready biodegradation value of 100% in 19 days have been determined for Citric acid in a test conducted according to OECD 301E. The result is considered reliable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: 1 g sludge/litre
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 14 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 400 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Reference substance:
- not specified
- Test performance:
- No information given
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 85
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Details on results:
- - A DOC removal of 85% citiric acid was obtained after 1 day
- Results with reference substance:
- No result given
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- An inherent biodegradation value of 85% after 1 day in 14 days have been determined for Citric acid in a test conducted according to OECD 302B. The result is considered reliable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: Effluents after acclimation
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- -Details not stated
- Reference substance:
- not specified
- Preliminary study:
- -No dtail stated
- Test performance:
- - No detail stated
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 97
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 28 days test result is without preacclimation
- Results with reference substance:
- No detail stated
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- A ready biodegradation value of 97% (CO2 evolution) has been determined for citric acid in a test conducted according to OECD 301B. The result is considered reliable.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Biodegradation in water:
OECD 301B (CO2 evolution test): 97% in 28 days
OECD 301E (Modified OECD screening test): 100% in 19 days
OECD 302B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens test): 85% in 14 days
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Several biodegradation studies indicate that citric acid is easily biodegradable by sewage treatment bacteria. Therefore, it may be expected to be rapidly degraded both in sewage treatment plants and in natural water bodies.
Biodegradation rates of 100% in 19 days and 97% in 28 days for citric acid have been determined in reliable studies conducted according to appropriate test protocols; OECD 301E (DOC removal) and OECD 301B (CO2 evolution) respectively. Also, an inherent biodegradation rate of 85% in 14 days has been determined for citric acid according to OECD 302B. Although, full details are not available for the studies, the results are considered sufficient to indicate that citric acid is readily biodegradable.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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