Vanadium

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Available reliable ecotoxicity results selected for the assessment of vanadium toxicity to aquatic organisms based on pentavalent V substances (NaVO3, Na3VO4, NH4VO3, NH4V3O8, V2O5) and dissolved elemental V concentrations were grouped together.

Reliable short-term toxicity data for freshwater organisms are available for three trophic levels: aquatic invertebrates, fish and algae. The lowest acute effect value is the 96-h LC50 of 693 µg V/L observed for the effect of V2O5 flakes on mortality of the fish Leuciscus idus.

Acute toxicity data are also available for marine fish and invertebrates, with the lowest acute effect 48-h LC50 value of 13,300 µg V/L for the mysid shrimp Americamysis bahia.

Reliable long-term toxicity data are available for 17 freshwater organisms covering three trophic levels. The lowest chronic NOEC/EC10 value of 50 µg V/L was observed for the effect of NaVO3 in a 21-day reproduction test with neonates of the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia dentifera. Regarding the minimum requirement of 10 chronic NOEC values (preferably more than 15) and the representation of taxonomic groups, the data are sufficient for the derivation of the PNECfreshwater using the statistical extrapolation approach (species sensitivity distribution, SSD) in accordance with ECHA’s Guidance on IR & CSA, R.10.3.1.3 (2008).

Regarding marine toxicity, reliable long-term toxicity data are also available for the effect of V2O5 on the development of eggs from two organisms (mollusc Crassostrea gigas and echinoderm Paracentrotus lividus). The NOEC values range from 25 to 50 µg V/L with the lowest value of 25 µg V/L observed for the 48-h development test of Crassostrea gigas eggs.

 

The lowest reliable effect concentrations for short- and long-term toxicity of vanadium for each trophic level are tabulated below.

Additional information

Table: Lowest reliable effect concentrations for short- and long-term toxicity of vanadium for each trophic level

Trophic level	Substance	Species	Parameter	Endpoint	Value (µg V/L)	Reference
Acute toxicity, freshwater	.	.	.	.	.	.
Fish	V2O5	Leuciscus i.	mortality	96-h LC50	693	Mitterer, 1999
Invertebrates	V2O5	Daphnia m.	mortality	48-h LC50	1520	Kimball, 1978
Algae	V2O5	Scenedesmus s.	growth rate	72-h EC50	2907	Mitterer, 1999
Acute toxicity, marine water	.	.	.	.	.	.
Fish	NH4VO3	Limanda l.	mortality	96-h LC50	27,800	Taylor et al., 1985
Invertebrates	NaVO3	Americamysis b.	mortality	48-h LC50	13,300	Woods et al., 2004
Chronic toxicity, freshwater	.	.	.	.	.	.
Fish	V2O5	Jordanella f.	growth	30-d EC10	76	Holdway & Sprague, 1979
Invertebrates	NaVO3	Daphnia d.	reproduction	21-d EC10	50	Schiffer & Liber, 2017
Algae	NaVO 3	Scenedesmus q.	growth rate	72-h EC10	270	Schiffer & Liber, 2017
Chronic toxicity, marine water	.	.	.	.	.	.
Invertebrates	V2O5	Crassostrea g.	egg development	48-h NOEC	25	Fichet & Miramand, 1998