2,2''-dihydroxy-4,4''-(2-hydroxy-propane-1,3-diyldioxy)dibenzophenone

Toxicological Summary

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

11.67 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

75

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEC

Value:

875 mg/m³

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

There are no relevant experimental data on repeated exposure by inhalation. A conservative approach is used assuming a two times higher absorption via the inhalation route (end route) as compared to the oral route (starting route).

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

The recommended time extrapolation factor for a subacute toxicity study is used.

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

1

Justification:

No allometric scaling factor is applied because an oral-to-inhalation route extrapolation is performed.

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.

AF for intraspecies differences:

5

Justification:

The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

13.33 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

300

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

4 000 mg/kg bw/day

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

There are no relevant experimental data on repeated dermal exposure. Taken into account the physico-chemical properties of the substance, dermal absorption is anticipated to be low (25 % of oral absorption). For details refer to the discussion.

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

The recommended time extrapolation factor for a subacute toxicity study is used.

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.

AF for intraspecies differences:

5

Justification:

The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

General

 

DNEL derivation for the substance Fadex HE 1819 PK is performed under consideration of the recommendations of ECHA. In view of the data used for evaluation, the "quality of whole database factors" and "dose-response factors" are considered to amount each to a value of 1, and are thus not shown in the calculations presented below.

 

Workers – Hazard via inhalation route

 

Long term systemic inhalation DNEL, worker

 

Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor (starting point):

In the absence of relevant experimental inhalation toxicity data, the oral NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/day, obtained from subacute repeated dose toxicity testing in rats was considered as key value for the chemical safety assessment and therefore, most relevant starting point.

 

Step 2: Modification into a correct starting point:

In a first step the oral NOAEL was transferred to humans with a factor of 4 for allometric scaling from rats. For worker a NOEC long-term, inhalation was calculated assuming 70 kg per person, 8h light activity (10 m³ breathing volume), absorption via oral routes twice as low as absorption via inhalatory route. NOEC (Worker) inhalation = 1000 mg/kg bw/day * 1/4 *70 kg * 1/10 m³ * 1/2 (Abs, (oral)/Abs, (inhal)) = 875 mg/m³

 

Step 3: Use of assessment factors: 75

Interspecies: no allometric scaling factor is applied because an oral-to-inhalation route extrapolation is performed.

Interspecies AF, remaining differences: 2.5

Intraspecies AF (worker): 5

Exposure duration AF: 6

In conclusion the long term systemic inhalation DNEL workers was calculated to be 875 mg/m³/75 = 11.67 mg/m³.

 

Short term acute inhalation DNEL, worker

The test material is not classified and labelled for acute dermal and oral toxicity, according to Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD) and Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP). Thus, in accordance with “Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment chapter R8: Characterisation of dose (concentration)- response for human health” no DNEL is required.

 

Workers – Hazard via dermal route

 

Long term systemic dermal DNEL, worker

 

Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor (starting point):

In the absence of relevant experimental dermal toxicity data, the oral NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/day, obtained from subacute repeated dose oral toxicity testing in rats was considered as key value for the chemical safety assessment and therefore, most relevant starting point.

 

Step 2: Modification into a correct starting point:

Based on the physical chemical properties of the substance (molecular mass 484.50 g/mol, log Pow value > 4.19 which is outside the range [-1, 4], poor water solubility (< 1 mg/L))), dermal uptake of the substance is assumed to be low (according to “Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment chapter R7c: Endpoint specific Guidance”). But, as the molecular mass is <500 absorption through skin cannot be excluded and a dermal absorption four times lower than the oral absorption rate rate is assumed. In conclusion, dermal NOAEL = oral NOAEL x [ABS oral rat/ABS dermal human] = 1000 mg/kg bw/day x (4/1) = 4000 mg/kg bw/d. 

 

Step 3: Use of assessment factors: 300

Interspecies AF, allometric scaling (rat to human): 4

Interspecies AF, remaining differences: 2.5

Intraspecies AF (worker): 5

Exposure duration AF (subacute exposure period): 6

In conclusion the long term systemic dermal DNEL workers were calculated to be 4000 mg/kg bw/day/300 =13.33 mg/kg bw/day.

 

References

(not included as endpoint study record)

- ECHA (2012). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. Version 2.1. November 2012.

- ECHA (2014). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment.Chapter R.7.12: Endpoint specific guidance: Guidance on Toxicokinetics. November 2014.

- ECHA (2012) Practical Guide 15: How to undertake a qualitative human health assessment and document it in a chemical safety report, November 2012.

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

2.5 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

150

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEC

Value:

375 mg/m³

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

There are no relevant experimental data on repeated exposure by inhalation. A conservative approach is used assuming a two times higher absorption via the inhalation route (end route) as compared to the oral route (starting route).

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

The recommended time extrapolation factor for a subacute toxicity study is used.

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

1

Justification:

No allometric scaling factor is applied because an oral-to-inhalation route extrapolation is performed.

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

6.67 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

600

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

4 000 mg/kg bw/day

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

There are no relevant experimental data on repeated dermal exposure. Taken into account the physico-chemical properties of the substance, dermal absorption is anticipated to be low (25 % of oral absorption). For details refer to the discussion.

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

The recommended time extrapolation factor for a subacute toxicity study is used.

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

The default value for the relatively homogenous group "general population" is used.

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

1.67 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

600

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

No route to route extrapolation is required,

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

The recommended time extrapolation factor for a subacute toxicity study is used.

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

The default value for the relatively homogenous group "general population" is used.

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population

General

 

DNEL derivation for the substance Fadex HE 1819 PK is performed under consideration of the recommendations of ECHA. In view of the data used for evaluation, the "quality of whole database factors" and "dose-response factors" are considered to amount each to a value of 1, and are thus not shown in the calculations presented below.

 

General population – Hazard via inhalation route

Long term systemic inhalation DNEL, general population

 

Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor (starting point):

In the absence of relevant inhalation toxicity data, the oral NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/day, obtained from subacute repeated dose oral toxicity testing in rats, was considered as key value for the chemical safety assessment and therefore, the most relevant starting point.

 

Step 2: Modification into a correct starting point:

In a first step the oral NOAEL was transferred to humans with a factor of 4 for allometric scaling from rats. For general population a NOEC long-term, inhalation was calculated assuming 60 kg per person, 24h light activity (20 m³ breathing volume), inhalation absorption twice as high as oral absorption.

NOEC (General population) inhalation = 1000 mg/kg bw/day * 1/4 *60 kg * 1/20 m³ * 1/2 (Abs, (oral)/Abs, (inhal)) = 375 mg/m³

 

Step 3: Use of assessment factors: 150

Interspecies: Respiratory interspecies differences are fully covered by the modification of the NOAEC

Interspecies AF, remaining differences: 2.5

Intraspecies AF (general population): 10

Exposure duration AF: 6 (subacute study)

In conclusion, long term systemic inhalation DNEL, general population 375 mg/m³/150= 2.5 mg/m³

 

 

General population – Hazard via dermal route

Long term systemic dermal DNEL, general population

 

Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor (starting point):

For risk characterisation a dermal NOAEL was derived by route to route extrapolation in the absence of relevant experimental data. The oral NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/day, obtained from subacute repeated dose oral toxicity testing in rats, was considered as key value for the chemical safety assessment and therefore, most relevant starting point.

 

Step 2: Modification into a correct starting point:

Based on the physical chemical properties of the substance (molecular mass 484.50 g/mol, log Pow value > 4.19 which is outside the range [-1, 4], poor water solubility (< 1 mg/L)), dermal uptake of the substance is assumed to be low (according to “Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment chapter R7c: Endpoint specific Guidance”). But, as the molecular mass is <500 dermal absorption cannot be excluded and a dermal absorption 4 times lower than oral absorption is assumed. In conclusion, dermal NOAEL = oral NOAEL x [ABS oral rat/ABS dermal human] = 1000 mg/kg bw/day x (4/1) = 4000 mg/kg bw/d.

 

Step 3: Use of assessment factors: 600

Interspecies AF, allometric scaling (rat to human): 4

Interspecies AF, remaining differences: 2.5

Intraspecies AF (general population): 10

Exposure duration AF: 6 (subacute study)

In conclusion, long term systemic dermal DNEL, general population 4000 mg/kg bw/d/600 = 6.67 mg/kg bw/day

 

 

General population – Hazard via oral route

Long term systemic oral DNEL, general population

 

Step 1: Selection of the relevant dose descriptor (starting point):

The subacute oral toxicity study in rats is selected for DNEL derivation as it is the relevant repeated dose study performed in accordance to OECD guideline and GLP. In this study, the oral NOAEL in rats is 1000 mg/kg bw/day.

 

Step 2: Modification of the starting point:

Not required.

 

Step 3: Use of assessment factors: 600

Interspecies AF, allometric scaling (rat to human): 4

Interspecies AF, remaining differences: 2.5

Intraspecies AF (general population): 10

Exposure duration AF: 6 (subacute study)

In conclusion, long term systemic oral DNEL, general population 1000 mg/kg bw/d/600 = 1.67 mg/kg bw/day

 

References

(not included as endpoint study record)

- ECHA (2012). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. Version 2.1. November 2012.

- ECHA (2014). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment.Chapter R.7.12: Endpoint specific guidance: Guidance on Toxicokinetics. November 2014.

- ECHA (2012). Practical Guide 15: How to undertake a qualitative human health assessment and document it in a chemical safety report, November 2012.