Phenethyl phenylacetate

Toxicity to microorganisms

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to microorganisms

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Remarks:

Experimental data of test chemical

Justification for type of information:

Experimental data of test chemical is from collection of data

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Below principle

Principles of method if other than guideline:

WoE was prepared from three studies for the determination of toxicity of test chemical on the growth of microorganisms.
WoE 2, 3 and 4th

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

WoE 3: - Sampling method: All stock solutions were prepared in methanol and serially diluted in distilled water to obtain the target concentrations.

Test organisms (species):

other: WoE 2: Photobacterium phosphoreum, WoE 3: Tetrahymena thermophila and WoE 4:Photobacterium leiognathi SB strain

Details on inoculum:

WoE 2: Suspension of bacteria in 2 percent sodium chloride maintained at 15 deg C

Test type:

other: Microtox–Test

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

15 min

Remarks on exposure duration:

28 hrs, 30 minutes

Post exposure observation period:

WoE 3: Measurement of growth inhibition of test organism was carried out at 440 nm at 24 and 28 hrs.
WoE 4: Luminescence inhibition of the naturally luminescent marine bacteria Photobacterium leiognathi SB strain was measured after 30 min of exposure duration.

Test temperature:

WoE 2: 15°C

pH:

WoE 2: pH range used is 5 to 9

Details on test conditions:

WoE 3 and 4: EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Measurement of growth inhibition of test organism was carried out at 440 nm at 24 and 28 hrs.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

WoE 2: Phenol and Sodium pentachlorophenate

Key result

Duration:

30 min

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

4.52 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: Reduction in light output

Remarks on result:

other: WoE 2

Duration:

28 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

5.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth inhibition

Remarks on result:

other: WoE 3

Duration:

30 min

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

1.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: Decrease in bacterial light production.

Remarks on result:

other: WoE 4

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

WoE 2: For the test chemical, based on the effect on reduction in light output of the test organism Photobacterium phosphoreum, the EC50 value during 5, 15 and 30 min exposure period was determined to be 3.273, 3.859 and 4.52 mg/l, respectively.
WoE 3: Based on growth rate inhibition of test organism tetrahymena thermophila, the EC50 value after 24 and 28 hrs exposure duration was observed to be 4.3 and 5.7 mg/l, respectively and LOEC value ewas determine to be 0.48 mg/l.
WoE 4: Based on decrease in bacterial light production by the test organism Photobacterium leiognathi SB strain, the EC50 value after 15 and 30 exposure duration with the test chemical, EC50 was observed to be 1.3 and 1.6 mg/l, respectively and LOEC value was observed to be 0.25 mg/l.
Thus based on the above studies, chemical toxicity were ranges from 1.3 mg/l to 16.819 mg/l.

Executive summary:

Various studies available for the test chemical were reviewed to determine the toxic nature of test chemical on the growth and other activity of microorganisms. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

Toxicity study from handbook, micro-organism study was carried out for assessing the effect of the test chemical. Study was performed using Photobacterium phosphoreum, strain NRRL-B-11177 (also referred to as Vibrio fischerii, strain NRRL-B-11177) as a test organism at a temperature of 15°C and pH range 5 to 9. Recommended reference substance that can be used for the study were Phenol and Sodium pentachlorophenate, respectively. When the test bacterium was exposed to the test chemical, reduction in light output was observed. Thus, based on this effect, the EC50 value during 5, 15 and 30 min exposure period was determined to be 3.273, 3.859 and 4.52 mg/l, respectively.

 

 

Above study was supported by the third study from peer reviewed journal. Toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted onTetrahymena thermophilafor 28 hrs. Protoxkit bioassay test was performed for the toxicity study. All stock solutions were prepared in methanol and serially diluted in distilled water to obtain the target concentrations. The methanol concentration in the exposure solutions, including controls, was 0.01% (v/v) in distillate water in the tested solutions. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was used as control substance. The test organism was exposed to the test substance with exposure duration 28 hrs. Inhibition in bacterial growth was measured after 24 and 28 hrs of exposure to tested solutions. Based on growth rate inhibition of test organism Tetrahymena thermophila, the EC50 value after 24 and 28 hrs exposure duration was observed to be 4.3 and 5.7 mg/l, respectively and LOEC value ewas determine to be 0.48 mg/l.

 

 

Similar toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted on Photobacterium leiognathi SB strain for 30 mins. Toxscreen bioassay test was performed for the toxicity study. All stock solutions were prepared in methanol and serially diluted in distilled water to obtain the target concentrations. The methanol concentration in the exposure solutions, including controls, was 0.01% (v/v) in distillate water in the tested solutions. 2-4-dichlorophenol (DCP) was used as control solution.   The test bacteria was exposed to the test substance with exposure duration of 15 and 30 mins. Bacterial luminescence inhibition was measured after 15 and 30 mins of exposure to tested solutions.   Based on decrease in bacterial light production by the test organism Photobacterium leiognathi SB strain, the EC50 value after 15 and 30 exposure duration with the test chemical, EC50 was observed to be 1.3 and 1.6 mg/l, respectively and LOEC value was observed to be 0.25 mg/l.

 

 

Thus based on the above all studies, chemical toxicity were ranges from 1.3 mg/l to 16.819 mg/l.

Description of key information

WoE 2: For the test chemical, based on the effect on reduction in light output of the test organism Photobacterium phosphoreum, the EC50 value during 5, 15 and 30 min exposure period was determined to be 3.273, 3.859 and 4.52 mg/l, respectively.

WoE 3: Based on growth rate inhibition of test organism tetrahymena thermophila, the EC50 value after 24 and 28 hrs exposure duration was observed to be 4.3 and 5.7 mg/l, respectively and LOEC value ewas determine to be 0.48 mg/l.

WoE 4: Based on decrease in bacterial light production by the test organism Photobacterium leiognathi SB strain, the EC50 value after 15 and 30 exposure duration with the test chemical, EC50 was observed to be 1.3 and 1.6 mg/l, respectively and LOEC value was observed to be 0.25 mg/l.

Thus based on the above studies, chemical toxicity were ranges from 1.3 mg/l to 16.819 mg/l.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for microorganisms:

4.52 mg/L

Additional information

Various studies available for the test chemical and structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of test chemical on the growth and other activity of microorganisms. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

Toxicity study from handbook, micro-organism study was carried out for assessing the effect of the test chemical. Study was performed using Photobacterium phosphoreum, strain NRRL-B-11177 (also referred to as Vibrio fischerii, strain NRRL-B-11177) as a test organism at a temperature of 15°C and pH range 5 to 9. Recommended reference substance that can be used for the study were Phenol and Sodium pentachlorophenate, respectively. When the test bacterium was exposed to the test chemical, reduction in light output was observed. Thus, based on this effect, the EC50 value during 5, 15 and 30 min exposure period was determined to be 3.273, 3.859 and 4.52 mg/l, respectively.

 

 

Above study was supported by the third study from peer reviewed journal. Toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted on Tetrahymena thermophile for 28 hrs. Protoxkit bioassay test was performed for the toxicity study. All stock solutions were prepared in methanol and serially diluted in distilled water to obtain the target concentrations. The methanol concentration in the exposure solutions, including controls, was 0.01% (v/v) in distillate water in the tested solutions. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was used as control substance. The test organism was exposed to the test substance with exposure duration 28 hrs. Inhibition in bacterial growth was measured after 24 and 28 hrs of exposure to tested solutions. Based on growth rate inhibition of test organism Tetrahymena thermophila, the EC50 value after 24 and 28 hrs exposure duration was observed to be 4.3 and 5.7 mg/l, respectively and LOEC value ewas determine to be 0.48 mg/l.

 

 

Similar toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted on Photobacterium leiognathi SB strain for 30 mins. Toxscreen bioassay test was performed for the toxicity study. All stock solutions were prepared in methanol and serially diluted in distilled water to obtain the target concentrations. The methanol concentration in the exposure solutions, including controls, was 0.01% (v/v) in distillate water in the tested solutions. 2-4-dichlorophenol (DCP) was used as control solution.   The test bacteria was exposed to the test substance with exposure duration of 15 and 30 mins. Bacterial luminescence inhibition was measured after 15 and 30 mins of exposure to tested solutions.   Based on decrease in bacterial light production by the test organism Photobacterium leiognathi SB strain, the EC50 value after 15 and 30 exposure duration with the test chemical, EC50 was observed to be 1.3 and 1.6 mg/l, respectively and LOEC value was observed to be 0.25 mg/l.

 

Thus based on the above all studies, chemical toxicity were ranges from 1.3 mg/l to 16.819 mg/l.