No IUPAC name is currently defined for Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated, Distilled (“Distilled Residue Grade”).

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Description of key information

Phototransformation in air

No experimental data available. As this study is not a standard information requirement in REACH and there is no indication from the CSA on the need to investigate further the fate and behaviour of the substance (Annex X requirement), no further testing is considered necessary.

Phototransformation in water

No experimental data available. As this study is not a standard information requirement in REACH and there is no indication from the CSA on the need to investigate further the fate and behaviour of the substance (Annex X requirement), no further testing is considered necessary.

Phototransformation in soil

No experimental data available. As this study is not a standard information requirement in REACH and there is no indication from the CSA on the need to investigate further the fate and behaviour of the substance (Annex X requirement), no further testing is considered necessary.

Hydrolysis

Based on the low measured water solubility (0.3 mg/l), it can be concluded that Cashew Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated, Distillation Residue (Distillation Residue Grade) is not expected to be hydrolysed. There are no functional groups or other structural alerts present that would indicate that this substance would be sensitive to hydrolysis by water under any pH conditions.

Biodegradation in water

In a robust OECD Guideline 310 (Ready Biodegradability - CO₂ in Sealed Vessels (Headspace Test) Cashew Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated, Distillation Residue (Distillation Residue Grade) 68.3% of the test substance was degraded within 28 days. The profile of the biodegradation for the test substance when enhanced with Tween surfactant and a GF/C paper support was increased by about 26% (to 68.3%), and exceeded the 60% threshold after 28 days. Using the surface area enhancement measures as described, Distillation Residue Grade is considered to be ultimately (inherently) biodegradable. However, it should be noted that as the test substance is a mixture, different rates of degradation may occur under realistic conditions.

Biodegradation in Water and Sediment

Based on Epiwin V3.12 Level III Fugacity Model estimations, the major low molecular weight components of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated, Distillation Residue (Distillation Residue Grade) which are cardanol and cardol (see Section 1.2) will distribute almost exclusively to sediment (94.8 – 97.3%) if released to water.

Biogradation in Soil

Based on Epiwin V3.12 Level III Fugacity Model estimations, the major low molecular weight components of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated, Distillation Residue (Distillation Residue Grade) which are cardanol and cardol (see Section 1.2) will distribute almost exclusively to soil if released to soil.

Bioaccumulation: aquatic /sediment

A definitive dietary study in which rainbow trout were fed spiked diet at 1000 mg/kg has been carried out according to the OECD TG305 Bioaccumulation in Fish method. An uptake phase of 14 days was followed by a depuration phase of 21 days during which elimination of the accumulated forms of cardanol was rapid. The data from the study resulted in BMF_K (growth corrected kinetic dietary biomagnification factors) values of 0.00946, 0.00445 and 0.00318 for the monoene, diene and triene forms of cardanol. The BMF_KgL (lipid corrected growth corrected kinetic dietary biomagnification factors) values were 0.0387, 0.0182 and 0.0130 for the monoene, diene and triene forms of cardanol. Bioconcentration Factors (BCFs) were also derived using the data generated in the study based on the methods of Brooke and Crookes, 2012 and Inoue et al, 2012. The tentative BCF values (L/kg) derived from the study were 837-893, 414-478 and 280-362 for the monoene, diene and triene forms of cardanol respectively which are significantly below the 2000 L/Kg threshold for a substance to be considered to be bioaccumulative. On the basis of the data generated in the study the different forms of cardanol and the test substance Cashew Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated, Distillation Residue (Distillation Residue Grade) are not considered to be bioaccumulative.

Adsoprtion/Desorption

The soil adsorption coefficient (logKoc) of the test substance Cashew Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated, Distillation Residue (Distillation Residue Grade) was determined to be 4.4 - 5.7 by the HPLC estimation method according to guideline OECD Guideline 121 (Estimation of the Adsorption Coefficient (Koc) on Soil and on Sewage Sludge using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)). 

Henry’s Law Constant

Reliable results for Henry’s Law Constant of 0 atm m³/mol for key components of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Decarboxylated, Distillation Residue (Distillation Residue Grade) have been generated from a recognised model (US EPA EpiWin version 3.12). This data is not required under REACH, but is included as additional information.