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EC number: 932-165-8 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 22 June 2010 - 13 July 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.20 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO International Standard 10706: “Determination of long term toxicity of substances to Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea)”, 2000-03-30.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 40 mL samples for TOC-analysis were taken from the test concentration and the control at the beginning and at the end of two intervals of 72 hours (nominal days 0 and 3, 17 and 20) and two intervals of 48 hours (nominal days 6 and 8, 13 and 15).
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples not analysed on the day of sampling were stored in a refrigerator analysis.
Additionally, reserve samples of 40 mL were taken from all test solutions for possible analysis. If not already used, these samples were stored in a freezer for a maximum of three months after delivery of the draft report, pending on the decision of the sponsor for additional analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The batch of Vinasses tested was a dark brown suspension that was completely soluble in test medium at the concentration tested.
Three times a week a loading rate of 100 mg/L was magnetically stirred for 15 minutes to accelerate the dissolving of the test substance in the test medium. The final test solution was clear and yellow. Lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the 100 mg/L concentration in test medium.
- Controls: M7, as prescribed by Dr. Elendt-Schneider (Elendt, B.-P., 1990: Selenium deficiency in Crustacea. An ultrastructural approach to antennal damage in Daphnia magna Straus. Protoplasma 154, 25-33). - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea, Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) (Straus, 1820)
- Source: In-house laboratory culture with a known history.
- Age at study initiation: < 24 hours
- Method of breeding: With newborn daphnids, i.e. less than 3 days old, by placing about 250 of them into 10 litres of medium in an all-glass culture vessel.
- Food type: Chlorella pyrenoidosa suspension / Algae suspensions were made by inoculating growth medium with Chlorella pyrenoidosa from a pure culture. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light (6000-10000 lux; 60-120 µE.m-2.s-1) in a climate room at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C for 2-3 weeks. After this period, the TOC concentration of the batch algal suspension was measured before use as feed in the reproduction study. The exact volume to be added per test vessel was then calculated.
- Amount: 0.25 mL; This daily ration corresponded to 0.2 mg C/Daphnia/day, which is the recommended value for daily feeding per daphnid in the reproduction test according to the OECD Guideline 211.
- Frequency: daily - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- between 201 and 254 mg calcium carbonate per litre
- Test temperature:
- The temperatures in the test media varied between 19.8 and 21.0 °C. The temperature, continuously measured in a temperature control vessel varied between 20.1 and 21.7 °C during the test.
- pH:
- The pH remained within the range of 7.4 to 8.3 throughout the test.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- The oxygen concentration in all test solutions remained within the range of 6.3 to 9.6 mg/L during the exposure period.
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: control and 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L
Measured concentrations: Based on the TOC content of Vinasses (i.e. 25.96%) the concentration of Vinasses in the aquatic samples was calculated and corrected for the control. The initial concentrations were below nominal, i.e. between 35 and 46%. These concentrations remained stable during the respective refreshment periods, i.e. between 82 and 123% of initial. Based on these results the average exposure concentrations were calculated to be 3.8, 7.4, 13, 23 and 42 mg/L. - Details on test conditions:
- - Type (delete if not applicable): volumetric flasks
- Material, size, headspace, Volume: 60 mL (6 x Ø 3.5 cm), all-glass covered with a Perspex plate
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): three times a week
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 20
- Extra replicate vessels without daphnids were included for sampling purposes.
- Feeding during test: Daily, 0.25 mL of Chlorella pyrenoidosa suspension containing 1.3 x10E8 cells was added as feed for the daphnids. This daily ration corresponded to 0.2 mg C/Daphnia/day, which is the recommended value for daily feeding per daphnid in the reproduction test according to the OECD Guideline 211
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Adjusted ISO medium: the following chemicals (analytical grade) are dissolved in tap water purified by Reverse Osmosis (RO-water, GEON Waterbehandeling, Berkel-Enschot, The Netherlands):
Macro salts:
CaCl2.2H2O: 211.5 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O: 88.8 mg/L
NaHCO3: 46.7 mg/L
KCl: 4.2 mg/L
Medium M7: trace elements, macro nutrients and vitamins are added to freshly prepared ISO medium to reach the following concentrations:
Trace elements:
B: 0.125 mg/L
Fe:0.05 mg/L
Mn: 0.025 mg/L
Li, Rb and Sr: 0.0125 mg/L
Mo: 0.0063 mg/L
Br: 0.0025 mg/L
Cu: 0.0016 mg/L
Zn: 0.0063 mg/L
Co and I: 0.0025 mg/L
Se: 0.0010 mg/L
V: 0.0003 mg/L
Na2EDTA.2H2O: 2.5 mg/L
Macro nutrients:
Na2SiO3. 9H2O: 10.0 mg/L
NaNO3: 0.27 mg/L
KH2PO4: 0.14 mg/L
K2HPO4:0.18 mg/L
Vitamins:
Thiamine: 75.0 µg/L
B12: 1.0 µg/L
Biotin: 0.75 µg/L
The hardness: 180 mg/L expressed as CaCO3 and the pH: 7.7 ± 0.3 after aeration.
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light/8 h dark
intensity at the start: 663-711 lux (9.2-9.8 µE.m-2.s-1)
intensity at the end: 629-736 lux (8.1-9.2 µE.m-2.s-1)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
Parental daphnids
Condition: Every workday and upon renewal on non-workdays, the number of living, immobile and dead parental daphnids was recorded. Dead daphnids were removed when observed.
Presence of eggs in the brood pouch: Every workday and upon renewal on non-workdays.
Body length: At the end of the test.
F1 generation
Appearance first brood: When observed.
Newborn daphnids: Every workday and upon renewal on non-workdays, the number of newborn young was counted and the condition of the young recorded. Thereafter the young were removed.
Presence of unhatched eggs: When observed.
Incidence of immobility: When observed.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8
- Test concentrations: control and 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 77 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- : Parental mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- : Parental mortility
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 56 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- : Parental mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- : Parental body length
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- : Parental body length
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Overall LOEC
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 56 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Overall NOEC
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converted to test material
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- Parental mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converted to test material
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- Parental mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 23 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon converted to test material
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- Parental mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Toatl Organic Carbon (TOC) converted to test material
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Toatal Organic Carbon (TOC) converted to test material
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converted to testmaterial
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converted tot test material
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- Parental body length
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converted tot test material
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- Parental body length
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total organic Carbon (TOC) convereted tot test material
- Basis for effect:
- other: Overall LOEC
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 23 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converetd to test material
- Basis for effect:
- other: Overall NOEC
- Details on results:
- Mortality of parental animals:
Control: 3 out of 20 (15%)
10 mg/L: 2 out of 10 (20%)
18 mg/L: 2 out of 10 (20%)
32 mg/L: 1 out of 10 (10%)
56 mg/L: 4 out of 10 (40%)
100 mg/L: 6 out of 10 (60%)
Mean number of offspring:
Control: 132.6 ± 16.3 per 21 days
10 mg/L: 164.8 ± 11.0 per 21 days
18 mg/L: 182.6 ± 21.9 per 21 days
32 mg/L: 202.4 ± 17.9 per 21 days
56 mg/L: 200.0 ± 29.8 per 21 days
100 mg/L: 141 ± 54.1 per 21 days
Body lenght of parent animals:
Control: 4.26 (n=17) ± 0.12 mm
10 mg/L: 4.35 (n=8) ± 0.10 mm
18 mg/L: 4.33 (n=8) ± 0.14 mm
32 mg/L: 4.37 (n=9) ± 0.16 mm
56 mg/L: 4.29 (n=6) ± 0.12 mm
100 mg/L: 4.02 (n=4) ± 0.25 mm
Type and number of morphological abnormalities: Not observed.
Type and number of behavioral abnormalities: Not observed
Time to first brood release: the first brood generally appeared on day 8
The presence of eggs in the brood pouch: the first time on day 6. At nominal 100 mg/L the first presence of eggs in the brood pouch was similar or slightly later (day 6 or day 7). There were no recordings of immobile young or appearance of unhatched (aborted) eggs at any of the test concentrations throughout the 21-day test period. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- REPRODUCTION
Statistical analysis for reproduction was not performed as no adverse effects were noted in the treatment groups in comparison to the control
Mortality was statistically significant at nominal 100 mg/L (Fisher’s exact test, α=0.05)
PARENTAL DAPHNIDS
Parental survival on day 21 was statistically tested using Fisher’s exact test (TOXSTAT Release 3.5, 1996, D.D. Gulley, A.M. Boelter, H.L. Bergman).
The overall threshold level of effect and the overall NOEC were determined on basis of these results and statistics. The LC50 for mortality of parental daphnids was determined using the maximum likelihood estimation method with the probits of the percentages of dead daphnids as function of the logarithms of the corresponding concentrations (Finney, D.J., 1971: Probit analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 3rd edition).
21-day LC50 parental daphnids = 77.4 mg/L (based on mean concentrations)
95 % fiducial limits: 51.6 - 417.2 mg/L
index of regression significance: g=0.73
chi-squared=0.27, with 1 degrees of freedom
regression line: log10(conc.)=1.78+(probit-4.69)/2.96
21-day LC50 parental daphnids = 32.2 mg/L (based on nominal concentrations)
95 % fiducial limits: 21.2 - 184.5 mg/L
index of regression significance: g=0.73
chi-squared=0.28, with 1 degrees of freedom
regression line: log10(conc.)=1.40+(probit-4.69)/2.87
Statistical analysis of the data on body lenght was not needed as the % reduction recorded was not significant (< 10%). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present test Vinasses did not affect reproduction of Daphnia magna at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L after 21 days of exposure (NOEC), corresponding to an average exposure concentration of 42 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Refer to read-across justification attached in chapter 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 56 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- Parental mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- Parental mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 23 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converted to test material
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- Parental mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converted to test material
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- Parental mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converted to test material
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) converted to test material
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
Referenceopen allclose all
Vinasses did not affect reproduction of Daphnia magna at an average exposure concentration 42 mg/L (= 100 mg/L nominal) (NOEC) based on the average measured concentration after 21 days. Further effect parameters measured are presented in table 1.
Table 1: Effect parameters
Parameter
|
Nominal conc. Vinasses (mg/L) |
Average conc. Vinasses (mg/L) |
21-day LC50 (parental mortality)1 |
77 |
32 |
LOEC for parental mortality2 |
100 |
42 |
NOEC for parental mortality2 |
56 |
23 |
21-day EC50 for reproduction |
>100 |
>42 |
21-day LOEC for reproduction |
>100 |
>42 |
21-day NOEC for reproduction |
100 |
42 |
21-day LOEC for parental body length |
>100 |
>42 |
21-day NOEC for parental body length |
100 |
42 |
Overall LOEC |
100 |
42 |
Overall NOEC |
56 |
23 |
1Finney probit analysis
2 Fisher’s exact test (Toxstat)
Table 2: Cumulative scores of living newborn per parent after 21 days (based on nominal concentrations)
Parent (Control) |
Day 21 |
Parent (10 mg/L) |
Day 21 |
Parent (18 mg/L) |
Day 21 |
Parent (32 mg/L) |
Day 21 |
Parent (56 mg/L) |
Day 21 |
Parent (100 mg/L) |
Day 21 |
P1 |
+ |
P1 |
+ |
P1 |
+ |
P1 |
195 |
P1 |
167 |
P1 |
+ |
P2 |
116 |
P2 |
176 |
P2 |
138 |
P2 |
197 |
P2 |
203 |
P2 |
+ |
P3 |
124 |
P3 |
153 |
P3 |
186 |
P3 |
209 |
P3 |
187 |
P3 |
+ |
P4 |
148 |
P4 |
182 |
P4 |
171 |
P4 |
210 |
P4 |
+ |
P4 |
91 |
P5 |
141 |
P5 |
173 |
P5 |
191 |
P5 |
193 |
P5 |
233 |
P5 |
+ |
P6 |
159 |
P6 |
164 |
P6 |
215 |
P6 |
236 |
P6 |
237 |
P6 |
134 |
P7 |
154 |
P7 |
153 |
P7 |
181 |
P7 |
169 |
P7 |
173 |
P7 |
124 |
P8 |
+ |
P8 |
+ |
P8 |
+ |
P8 |
+ |
P8 |
+ |
P8 |
+ |
P9 |
159 |
P9 |
159 |
P9 |
190 |
P9 |
204 |
P9 |
+ |
P9 |
+ |
P10 |
+ |
P10 |
158 |
P10 |
189 |
P10 |
209 |
P10 |
+ |
P10 |
218 |
P11 |
115 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P12 |
113 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P13 |
127 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P14 |
114 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P15 |
124 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P16 |
130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P17 |
116 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P18 |
146 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P19 |
142 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P20 |
126 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mean |
132.6 |
|
164.8 |
|
182.6 |
|
202.4 |
|
200.0 |
|
141.8 |
SD |
16.3 |
|
11.0 |
|
21.9 |
|
17.9 |
|
29.8 |
|
54.1 |
n |
17 |
|
8 |
|
8 |
|
9 |
|
6 |
|
4 |
+: Parental daphnid was found dead
Table 3: Average body lengths (mm) of parental daphnids at the end of the test
Nominal conc. Vinasses (mg/L) |
Average length (mm) |
SD |
% Reduction |
control |
4.26 (n=17) |
0.12 |
- |
10 |
4.35 (n=8) |
0.10 |
-2 |
18 |
4.33 (n=8) |
0.14 |
-2 |
32 |
4.37 (n=9) |
0.16 |
-3 |
56 |
4.29 (n=6) |
0.12 |
-1 |
100 |
4.02 (n=4) |
0.25 |
6 |
n = number of daphnids surviving the test period
SD = standard deviation
Description of key information
NOECreproduction (21d) > 100 mg/L (nominal), > 42 mg/L (measured)
NOECparental mortality (21d) = 56 mg/L (nominal), = 23 mg/L (measured)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
A long-term study with Daphnia magna was performed to investigate the toxicity of Vinasses towards aquatic invertebrates. The study was conducted according to the OECD Guideline 211 “Daphnia magna Reproduction Test” in a semi-static test design for 21 days. Vinasses, residue of fermentation was applied in concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L. Based on the TOC content of the test material (i.e. 25.96%), the concentration of Vinasses in the aquatic samples was calculated and corrected for the control, resulting in average exposure concentrations of 3.8, 7.4, 13, 23 and 42 mg/L. No chronic effects on reproduction were observed at the highest test concentration of 42 mg/L, based on measured concentrations, corresponding to 100 mg/L, nominal concentration. The lowest no observed effect concentration was obtained for parental mortality: NOEC = 23 mg/L measured (56 mg/L nominal).
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