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EC number: 232-140-5 | CAS number: 7789-00-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 10/7/1984-24/7/1984
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline-compliant GLP study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 984
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Department of Transportation
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The study guideline is designed to investigate corrosive effects; the design is similar to OECD 404, however the study was terminated at Day 5 when no signs of corrosion were observed. The results of the study are sufficient to classify the substance for skin irritation accrdoing to EU criteria.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium dichromate
- EC Number:
- 234-190-3
- EC Name:
- Sodium dichromate
- Cas Number:
- 10588-01-9
- Molecular formula:
- Cr2Na2O7
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium dichromate
- Details on test material:
- The test material is described as a crystalline solid and was used as a mixture of material obtained from six different sources.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Summit View Farm, NJ, USA
- Age at study initiation: 10-12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: not reported
- Housing: Individual in wire mesh cages
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: At least 14 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 +/-4
- Humidity (%): 50 +/- 15
- Air changes (per hr): Not reported
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 10/7/84 To: 24/7/84
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Controls:
- not required
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 g in 0.5 ml saline
- Concentration (if solution): 1 g/ml
VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 ml saline
- Concentration (if solution):
- Lot/batch no. (if required):
- Purity: - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- 5 days
- Number of animals:
- Six
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 1 square inch
- % coverage:
- Type of wrap if used: Saran
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): If required
- Time after start of exposure: 4 hours
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 1inch square
- % coverage: -
- Type of wrap if used: Saran
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): saline
- Time after start of exposure: 4 hours
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize
Results and discussion
In vivo
Results
- Remarks on result:
- other: See "Any other information on results incl. tables" below.
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- See below
- Other effects:
- Orange staining of the application site was seen in animals exposed to the moistened test material. Focal necrosis was additionally observed in one animal at the 48-hour observation only (moistened test material).
Any other information on results incl. tables
No dermal reactions were seen in animals treated with the control patches. With the dry test material, signs of irritation were limited to moderate erythema in two animals which declied in severity, but were still present at the end of the study period. Orange staining of the application site was seen in animals exposed to the moistened test material. Signs of irritation were seen from 48 hours in animals exposed to the moistened test material. Grade 2 erythema was seen in all animals from 48 hours and persisted to study termination; Grade 4 erythema was seen in one animal at 48 hours only. Grade 1 -3 oedema was observed in five animals; findings declined in severity and were not apparent at study termination at 120 hours. Focal necrosis was additionally apparent in one animal at 48 hours but not at later time points, demonstrating rapid reversibility.
Mean scores for skin irritation
Application |
Observation |
4h |
48h |
72h |
96h |
120h |
Dry |
Erythema |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.67 |
0.50 |
0.30 |
Oedema |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
Moistened |
Erythema |
0.00 |
2.33 |
2.00 |
2.00 |
2.00 |
Oedema |
0.00 |
1.50 |
0.67 |
0.33 |
0.00 |
|
Control |
Erythema |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Oedema |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- irritating
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Sodium dichromate was found to be a skin irritant under the conditions of this study according to EU criteria, based on the mean scores for erythema and the non-reversibility of the effects within the time-frame of the study.
- Executive summary:
The dermal irritancy of sodium dichromate was investigated in the rabbit; the test material was administered dry or mositened with saline. Relatively mild local dermal reactions were seen following applictaion of the dry test material. Orange staining of the application site and local irritation (erythema and oedema) were seen following application of the moistened test material; irritation was declining in severity but was not reversible within the 120-hour study period. T here was no evidence of corrosivity, however the test material was shown to be a skin irritant.
Although the study design (in respect of observation time points) is not completely in line with the recommendations of OECD 404, it can be deduced from the results of this study that sodium dichromate meets the criteria for classification as a skin irritant according to EC criteria due to the severity of erythema and the non-reversibility of the dermal reactions within the study period.
The results suggest that the irritancy of the test material is a consequence of its low pH when in solution.
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