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EC number: 477-470-2 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- effects on growth of green algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008-04-17 to 2008-05-21
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2006
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The cell density at test start was 5000 cells/mL and for the control 3 replicates were tested.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- certified by "Ministerium für Umwelt und Naturschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen", Germany
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Test medium according to guideline
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain of the test species obtained from 'The Collection of Algal Cultures' of the Institute of Plant Physiology at the University of Göttingen (Germany).
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: Exponentially-growing stock cultures were maintained in the test facility under constant temperature conditions (23 +/- 2°C) at a light intensity in the range 60 – 120 μE. x m-2 x s-1 (measured in the range 400 to 700 nm using a spherical quantum flux meter). The nutrient medium (according to BRINGMANN & KÜHN (1977) was renewed once a week.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period for culturing media: 3 days
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: none - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks:
- Medium according to OECD 201
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- 22.5 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21 to 25 °C
- pH:
- 7.9 to 8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not specified
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Conductivity:
- Not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0 (control), 50 and 100 mg test item/L
measured: only DOC measurements, please see Table 1 in results section - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with cotton stoppers
- Initial cells density: approximately 5000 cells per millilitre
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, according to OECD 201
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Continuous uniform illumination was provided in the spectral range 400 to 700 nm
- Light intensity and quality: At the average of the test solutions, a light intensity in the range 60 to 120 μE. x m-2 x s-1, or an equivalent range of 4000 to 8000 lx, was used
- Determination of cell densities: microcell counter
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding test preceded the main test. It provided information about the range of concentrations which were used in the main test.
- Test concentrations (main test): 50 and 100 mg test item/L (nominal)
CULTURING APPARATUS
-Details on culturing apparatus used: Light chamber in which a temperature in the range 21°C to 25°C was maintained at +/- 2°C - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- ErC 10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- ErC 10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- ErC 50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- EyC 50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no abnormailies
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Colour differences: no, not reported
- Flocculation: no, not reported
- Adherence to test vessels: no, not reported
- Aggregation of algal cells: no, not reported
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no, not reported
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation): no, not reported
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not reported
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For the determination of the NOEC/LOEC values, Williams Multiple Sequential t-Test Procedure (α = 0.05, 2-sided) was performed with growth rates and yield. As no effects were found in the test, ECx values were estimated.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In an Algae Growth Inhibition Test according to OECD 201, the 72-hour EC10 and EC50 towards Desmodesmus subspicatus based on growth rate was estimated to be > 100 mg/L. The 72-hour EC10 and EC 50 based on yield was estimated to be > 100 mg/L. The 72-hour NOEC both based on the growth rate and yield was ≥ 100 mg/L. All validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled. The study is thus regarded valid.
- Executive summary:
The growth inhibiting effect of the test item towards the green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was assessed in a study according to OECD TG 201 and GLP principles. Exponentially growing cells (approx. 5000 cells per mL at start of the test) were exposed for 72 hours to nominal concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L test item, respectively. Untreated control ran in parallel. For determination of the test item concentrations, samples were taken from each test concentration and from the control at each day of the test. Concentrations were indirectly determined by measurement of carbon. Carbon dioxide was determined by infrared spectrometry. Biological results and endpoints are based on the nominal concentrations. The algal growth in relation to a control culture was determined over a fixed test period of 72 hours and, thus, over several algal generations. The test design included three replicates at each test concentration and for the control. Sealed 300 mL glass Erlenmeyer flasks filled with test liquid were used as test vessels. The algae cell densities were measured in a microcell counter at 24-hour intervals. To determine NOEC/LOEC values, Williams Multiple Sequential t-test Procedure was used. As a result, the 72-hour EC10 and EC50 based on growth rate was estimated to be >100 mg/L. The 72-hour EC10 and EC50 based on yield was estimated to be >100 mg/L. The 72-hour NOEC both based on the growth rate and yield was ≥ 100 mg/L. All validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled. The study is thus regarded valid.
Reference
Table 1: Results of the chemical analyses (DOC values in mg/L)
Test item concentration [mg/L] | DOC values [mg/L] | DOC values [mg/L] | DOC values [mg/L] | DOC values [mg/L] |
0 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | |
Control | < 5 | < 5 | < 5 | < 5 |
50 | 15.69 | 13.16 | 10.52 | 9.229 |
100 | 23.57 | 20.98 | 21.49 | 17.74 |
100 without algae | 23.69 | 21.27 | 23.16 | 22.04 |
Table 2: Growth Rates and Yield calculated for the entire test duration (day 0-3)
Test item concentration [mg/L] | Growth rate (Day 0 - 3) | % inhibition compared to control | Yield (Day 0 - 3) | % inhibition compared to control | |
Control | 1.628 | 65.500 | |||
1.638 | 67.500 | ||||
1.628 | 65.500 | ||||
mean | 1.631 | 66.167 | |||
SD | 0.0057 | 1.1547 | |||
CV | 0.4 | 1.7 | |||
50 | 1.652 | 70.500 | |||
1.617 | 63.500 | ||||
1.612 | 62.500 | ||||
mean | 1.627 | 0.2 | 65.500 | 1.0 | |
SD | 0.0217 | 4.3589 | |||
CV | 1.3 | 6.7 | |||
100 | 1.633 | 66.500 | |||
1.628 | 65.500 | ||||
1.647 | 69.500 | ||||
mean | 1.636 | -0.3 | 67.167 | -1.5 | |
SD | 0.0102 | 2.0817 | |||
CV | 0.6 | 3.1 |
VALIDITY OF TEST
The cell concentration in the control cultures should have increased exponentially by a factor of at least 16 within three days (72 hours) (actual value: 133.0).
The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3) in the control cultures must not exceed 35 % (actual value: 16.4 %).
The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures must not exceed 7 % (actual value: 0.4 %).
Description of key information
In an Algae Growth Inhibition Test according to OECD 201, the 72-hour EC10 and EC50 towards Desmodesmus subspicatus based on growth rate was estimated to be > 100 mg/L. The 72-hour EC10 and EC50 based on yield was estimated to be > 100 mg/L. The 72-hour NOEC both based on the growth rate and yield was ≥ 100 mg/L. All validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled. The study is thus regarded valid.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
The growth inhibiting effect of the test item towards the green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was assessed in a study according to OECD TG 201 and GLP principles. Exponentially growing cells (approx. 5000 cells per mL at start of the test) were exposed for 72 hours to nominal concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L test item, respectively. Untreated control ran in parallel. For determination of the test item concentrations, samples were taken from each test concentration and from the control at each day of the test. Concentrations were indirectly determined by measurement of carbon. Carbon dioxide was determined by infrared spectrometry. Biological results and endpoints are based on the nominal concentrations. The algal growth in relation to a control culture was determined over a fixed test period of 72 hours and, thus, over several algal generations. The test design included three replicates at each test concentration and for the control. Sealed 300 mL glass Erlenmeyer flasks filled with test liquid were used as test vessels. The algae cell densities were measured in a microcell counter at 24-hour intervals. To determine NOEC/LOEC values, Williams Multiple Sequential t-test Procedure was used. As a result, the 72-hour EC10 and EC50 based on growth rate was estimated to be >100 mg/L. The 72-hour EC10 and EC50 based on yield was estimated to be >100 mg/L. The 72-hour NOEC both based on the growth rate and yield was ≥ 100 mg/L. All validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled. The study is thus regarded valid.
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