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EC number: 458-880-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 30 May 2003 to 19 September 2003
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- April 1984
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- EC Comission Directive 1999/11/EC of 8 March 1999 (Official Journal No L 77/8)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Test concentrations were verified by chemical analysis. Triplicate 100 ml samples were taken from the control and each test concentration at 0 hours (main stock solutions) and after 48 hours (replicates pooled) for analysis.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test substance, 200 mg, was dispersed in 2.0 litres of test medium and ultrasonicated for one hour with intermittent vigorous shaking to produce a stock dispersion of 100 mg/l. Serial dilutions of the stock dispersion were prepared with test medium to give the remaining nominal test concentrations (in descending order of concentration) of 46, 22, 10 and 4.6 mg/l.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Daphnia magna (Straus) used in this study were cultured in-house and were obtained from a strain originating from the Institute National de Recherche Chimique Applique (IRChA), France.
Stock cultures of Daphnia magna were maintained in glass vessels containing approximately 500 to 800 ml of Elendt M4 culture medium with a 16 hour light: 8 hour dark photoperiod at 19°C. Cultures were fed daily with a suspension of the unicellular green alga (Chiarella vulgaris). Culture conditions ensured that cultures reproduced by parthenogenesis.
The day before the start of the study, all juvenile Daphnia were removed from the laboratory cultures. The following morning, juveniles produced by the gravid (egg-bearing) adult Daphnia were removed from the culture vessels and held in a separate holding vessel; these animals, which were less than 24 hours old, were used in the test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/l as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- 6.8 - 7.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.0 – 8.7 mgO2/l
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations: 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L
Mean measured test concentrations (unfiltered): 4.3, 9.5, 21, 43 and 101 mg/L
Mean measured concentrations (filtered): 4.2, 9.7, 19, 39, 80 mg/l
The unfiltered samples ranged from 95.7 - 101 % of nominal (fresh medium; 0 hours) and from 91.6 - 101 % of nominal (expired medium; 48 hours). The filtered samples ranged from 71.1 – 90.6 % of nominal (fresh medium; 0 hours) and from 89.1 – 93.1 % of nominal (expired medium; 48 hours).
All results are expressed in terms of mean measured concentrations of unfiltered media. For details on the chemical analysis (measured concentrations of T-71) see Appendix 3 “T-71 – results daphnia immobilisation.pdf”). - Details on test conditions:
- Experimental design: Four replicate vessels were prepared for the control and each test group. The test vessels were 250 ml capacity glass jars.
Five first instar Daphnia were placed without conscious bias into each glass jar, containing 100 ml of prepared test medium, or control medium, as appropriate, to give a loading of 20 ml test solution per organism. The jars were loosely covered to minimise evaporative losses.
Selection of test concentrations: Based on the findings of three range finding experiments, the concentration for the main test were determined (Nominal test concentrations: 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L; Spacing factor 2.2). Nominal exposure concentrations quoted in this report refer to the test material as received; no allowance has been made for a purity of less than 100%.
Medium renewal: Daphnia were exposed to the test or control conditions for a period of 48 hours without renewal of test media.
Environmental conditions: Test vessels were maintained at 20°C, with a photoperiod of 16 hours light: 8 hours dark and without supplementary aeration or feeding during the 48 hour exposure period. The temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen levels were recorded in stock solutions at 0 hours and in each test vessel at 48 hours.
Criterion of effect: Observations of the condition of the test and control Daphnia were made following 24 and 48 hours exposure. Daphnia were considered to be immobile if they were unable to swim within approximately 15 seconds following gentle agitation of the test vessel. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 35- 52 mg/l
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 77 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confident limits: 59 - >101 mg/l
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 9.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- There was a clear treatment related effect on the survival of the Daphnia, with no immobilisation at 4.3 and 9.5 mg/L, the two lowest concentrations, and 100% immobilisation at the highest test concentration of 101 mg/L. For details see attached document "T-71 - results daphnia immobilisation.pdf".
- Mortality of control: none
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: none
Individual pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen values remained within acceptable limits during the study. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Reference substances not reported.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50 values were calculated using a logistic model (Ashton, 1972) for which 95% confidence limits were estimated by the likelihood ratio method (Williams, 1986).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- In the control, no daphnids have been immobilised or showed other sub-lethal effects; the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test was > 3 mg/L in control and test vessels.
Reference
Description of key information
EC50 (48h) of 42 mg/l (95% confidence limits: 35- 52 mg/l) for Daphnia magna (EU Method C.2, OECD guideline 202)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 42 mg/L
Additional information
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