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EC number: 686-800-6 | CAS number: 12008-39-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sediment toxicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 17 June to 15 July 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP Guideline study
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 011
- Report date:
- 2011
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 218 (Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 10043-35-5
- IUPAC Name:
- 10043-35-5
- Reference substance name:
- Boric acid
- EC Number:
- 233-139-2
- EC Name:
- Boric acid
- Cas Number:
- 10043-35-3
- Molecular formula:
- H3BO3
- IUPAC Name:
- Boric acid
- Details on test material:
- Sigma Aldrich, Boric Acid, Lot No. 079k0115. Purity 99.9%
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Analytical measurements were made on additional replicate systems at day 0 and day 28 for determination of test substance concentrations in overlying water, pore water and sediment.
Pore water was obtained by centrifugation of sediment at approx 4000 rpm for 20 min at 20 degrees C after removal of overlying water. Supernatant centrifuged at approx 9000 rpm for another 20 minute and analyzed for test substance.
Sediment concentration was measured after removal of pore water. Substance was extracted from sediment by mixing with reagent water then centrifugation and measurement of the supernatant.
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on sediment and application:
- PREPARATION OF SPIKED SEDIMENT
- Formulated sediment consisting of fine industrial sand (75% w/w), kaolin clay (20%) and fine sphagnum peat moss (5%)
- Method of mixing: Stock solutions prepared in water, aliquots added to each treatment batch of sediment and mixed by hand.
- Equilibration time: Test chambers prepared 2 days before introduction of organisms, maintained under test conditions
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Chironomus riparius
- Details on test organisms:
- Laboratory cultures used to provide 1st instar (1-day old) individuals at test initiation. Age was confirmed by measurement of head capsule widths of a representative sample.
Breeding conditions: Cultured at room temperature (21-25 degrees C) in laboratory culture water.
Handling of egg masses and larvae: Egg masses collected and isolated in freshwater, maintained at 20 degrees C.
- Feeding during test: prepared invertebrate food- a suspension of commercial fish flake food
- Amount: Daily, 2.5-3 ml of 2.0 mg/ml during 1st 10 days, 6-8 ml for remainder
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Type of sediment:
- artificial sediment
- Limit test:
- no
Exposure duration
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Exposure phase:
- total exposure duration
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 176 to 230 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 18.8 to 20.9 degrees C
- pH:
- 7.4 to 8.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 4.7 to 9.0 mg/L (55 to 101% saturation)
- Ammonia:
- 0.00003 to 0.0145 micrograms/L (un-ionized)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal Sediment Concentrations: 0 (control), 6.5, 13, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg B/kg dry sediment
The day 0 measured concentrations of boron in the sediment samples were 0.207, 1.56, 4.27, 10.0, 18.1, 32.6, and 81.0 mg/kg dry sediment
The day 28 measured concentrations of boron in the sediment samples were
The initial (day 0) measured concentrations of boron within the overlying water samples were 0.319, 0.536, 0.818, 1.44, 2.96, 6.89, 14.4 mg B/L
The termination (day 28) overlying water measured concentrations were 0.125, 0.574, 1.42, 2.53, 6.16, 13.9, and 30.5 mg B/L - Details on test conditions:
- Spiked sediments were prepared by addition of boric acid solutions (484 mL of appropriate concentration) to 1500 g formulated sediment and thorough mixing. This resulted in a hydration level of approx. 35%.
Test chambers were 1-L glass jars containing approximately 200 g of formulated sediment (spiked with appropriate amount of test substance) Sediment depth was approximately 2 cm. Dilution water (600 mL) was added to each replicate chamber using a deflector to minimize disturbance of the sediment. Water depth was approx 8 cm, so the water: sediment volume ratio was approx 4:1. Polypropylene emergence traps with nylon mesh were used to monitor adult midge emergence. Chambers were left for 2 d to equilibrate before the test started.
At least 7 replicate chambers were prepared for each treatment level and control. Two were used to provide samples for chemical analysis and 3 chambers were used for biological observations. 20 midge larvae were added to each chamber for the chemical and biological observations. Seven different exposures were tested, a control and six treatments. Larvae were impartially added to cups, then the cups randomly assigned to a replicate chamber.
Overlying water was aerated during the test beginning 24 h after addition of the organisms by gentle bubbling. Midges were fed 2.5 to 3 ml of a commercial flake fish food suspension (2 mg/ml) for the first 10 d, then 6 to 8 ml daily for the remainder of the test. Lighting was 16 h: 8 h light:dark cycle with a 30 m transition period. Light intensity was 653 lux. Temperature was maintained at 20 +/- 2 degrees C by keeping the test chambers in a flowing water bath.
Emergence of adult flies was monitored from day 18. Presence of adults or exuviae in traps was monitored. Adult flies were identified by gender.
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 37.7 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: boron added
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 37.7 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- emergence rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: boron added
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 37.7 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- development rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: boron added
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 37.7 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- other: gender ratio
- Remarks on result:
- other: boron added
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 81 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- other: all endpoints
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 37.7 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- other: all endpoints
- Remarks on result:
- other: boron added
- Details on results:
- Percent emergence in the controls was 90% which exceeded the minimum of 70% emergence specified in the OECD 218 guideline for valid results.
All chemical and physical parameters for the 28 day study were within expected ranges with the following exceptions:
Temperature: 18.8 to 20.9 degrees C, except for 15 h period where temperature rose to 25.4 degrees due to water bath heater malfunction.
Dissolved oxygen: 4.7 to 9.0 mg/L. Low oxygen (<60% saturation) occurred in one control and one high exposure replicate on day 21. The exceptions in temperature and dissolved oxygen were judged to have no effect on the test results.
Light intensity: 653 lux (day 0). - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistical analysis based on one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. ECx estimates obtained from probit method and trimmed Spearman-Karber method if poor fit in the probit approach.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Measured Sediment Concentrations and Endpoint Values
Group | Nominal Exposure (mg B/kg sediment dw) | Sediment Mean Measured Concentration (mg B/kg sediment dw) | Sediment Mean Concentration as added Boron (mg B-added/kg) | Survival | Emergence | Gender Ratio ** | Development rate |
Control | 0 | 0.00 | -- | 90% | 90% | 0.7 | 0.046 |
T1 | 6.5 | 1.18 | 1.10* | 90% | 88% | 1.2 | 0.047 |
T2 | 13 | 2.83 | 2.76* | 92% | 92% | 1.4 | 0.049 |
T3 | 25 | 6.07 | 6.00* | 88% | 88% | 1.6 | 0.048 |
T4 | 50 | 11.3 | 11.2* | 93% | 93% | 1.5 | 0.046 |
T5 | 100 | 19.4 | 19.3* | 87% | 85% | 1.3 | 0.048 |
T6 | 200 | 37.8 | 37.7* | 88% | 88% | 0.8 | 0.046 |
* Mean value for group minus mean control boron concentration (i.e., added boron), expressed as mg B-added/kg sediment dw.
**Ratio is males:females
The gender ratio was increased in all treatments above the control (more males than females). However, there was no dose-related pattern; the most highly exposed group (T6) was most similar to controls. In addition, the test with spiked water showed virtually the reversed pattern of gender ratio, again with no evident dose-response pattern.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on all biological measurements, no significant effects were observed in any treatment. Therefore the NOEC for all endpoints (survival, emergence, development rate, and gender ratio) is stated as the maximum exposure tested. Expressed as the geometric mean concentration in sediment, the NOEC is 37.7 mg B-added/kg sediment dw.
Because no effects were observed, no ECx can be determined.
Analyses of the sediment, pore-water and overlying water at test initiation and termination documented that the boron concentrations decreased in the sediment and pore-water, while increasing in the overlying water. Virtually all added boron could be accounted for (85 to 107%) in the 4 highest treatments and slightly lesser fractions (49 to 63%) in the two smaller treatments.
The geometric mean pore-water and overlying water concentrations of the highest treatment group were 68 and 21 mg B/L respectively. These were associated with no observed effects.
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