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EC number: 223-888-3 | CAS number: 4109-96-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 17 June to 7 July 1986
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 986
- Report date:
- 1986
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 1 hour exposure period
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dichlorosilane
- EC Number:
- 223-888-3
- EC Name:
- Dichlorosilane
- Cas Number:
- 4109-96-0
- Molecular formula:
- Cl2H2Si
- IUPAC Name:
- dichlorosilane
- Test material form:
- other: gas
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Inc., USA
- Age at study initiation: 63 to 77 days
- Weight at study initiation: 234-298 g (male), 200-243 g (female)
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: stainless steel wire mesh cages
- Diet (ad libitum): pelleted feed (Purina Co., USA)
- Water (ad libitum): tap water
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 - 24
- Humidity (%): 42 - 69
- Air changes (per hr): not stated
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 27 May 1986 To: 7 July 1986
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: cuboidal stainless-steel and Plexiglass chamber
- Exposure chamber volume: 120 L
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: wire mesh cage
- Source and rate of air: 30 or 50 L/min
- Method of conditioning air: not stated
- System of generating test atmosphere: dichlorosilane contained in a gas cylinder, metered through a flow meter and diluted with dry or humidified air
- Treatment of exhaust air: not stated
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: see tables
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: gas chromatograph with hot wire detector
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of exposure:
- 1 h
- Concentrations:
- 257, 493, 1000 ppm
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of weighing: prior to exposure, Days 7 and 14
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes - Statistics:
- The means and standard deviations of the body weights, body weight changes and exposure concentrations were calculated. No statistical comparisons were made. The LC50 was determined by a modified method of Pinney's (1954) probit analysis.
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 314 ppm
- Based on:
- other: nominal concentration
- 95% CL:
- 211 - 466
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Mortality:
- Mortalities were recorded in all exposure groups except for 257 ppm females (see table).
- Clinical signs:
- other: Clinical signs observed on the day of exposure included lacrimation, perioral and perinasal wetness, mouth breathing, audible respiration and cloudy eyes. During the post-exposure period decreased motor activity, audible respiration, unkempt fur and perio
- Body weight:
- A loss of body weight was recorded for all survivors on Day 7, body weight gain was recorded during the second post-exposure week (Days 7 to 14).
- Gross pathology:
- Gross lesions considered to be exposure-related were noted in animals which died and included red or dark discolouration of the lungs, fluid-filled pleural cavities and trachea, periocular and perinasal encrustation and cloudy eyes. There were no remarkable findings in animals that survived the 14-day observation period.
Any other information on results incl. tables
No dichlorosilane vapour was found in any of the four exposure chamber atmospheres. Water vapour reacted with dichlorosilane quickly and completely in both the low and high relative humidity experiments. The metered (nominal) dichlorosilane concentrations (% relative humidity values) for the four exposures were 1000 ppm (41%), 493 ppm (25%), 493 ppm (80%) and 257 ppm (12%).
Table 1 - Summary of Mortality
Nominal Dichlorosilane Exposure Concentration (ppm) |
Exposure Chamber Relative Humidity (%) |
Sex |
Time of death |
Total Incidence |
|||||||
During exposure |
Post exposure day |
||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
8 |
9 |
12 |
|||||
1000 |
41 |
M F |
0 0 |
5 5 |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
5/5 5/5 |
493 |
25 |
M F |
0 0 |
0 0 |
2 3 |
2 0 |
0 1 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
1 0 |
5/5 4/5 |
493 |
80 |
M F |
0 0 |
5 4 |
0 1 |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
5/5 5/5 |
257 |
12 |
M F |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
2 0 |
1 0 |
0 0 |
3/5 0/5 |
Table 2 - Chamber atmosphere conditions
Nominal Dichlorosilane |
Temperature (oC) |
Relative Humidity (%) |
1000 493 493 257 |
25 ± 1 23 ± 0 23 ± 0 23 ± 1 |
41 ± 15 25 ±11 80 ± 1 12 ± 9 |
Table 3 - Nominal Exposure Concentrations
Nominal Dichlorosilane |
Relative |
Exposure |
Chamber |
Dichlorosilane |
Actual Dichlorosilane |
1000 493 493 257 |
41 25 80 12 |
60 60 60 60 |
30 50 50 50 |
30.0 24.7 24.7 12.9 |
0 0 0 0 |
Table 4 - Hydrogen Chloride Exposure Concentrations
Nominal Dichlorosilane |
Relative |
Mean (±SD) Exposure Conc of Hydrogen Chloride (ppm) |
|
GC Method |
Detector Tube Method |
||
1000 493 493 257 |
41 25 80 12 |
1050 (± 237) 1880 (± 77) < 250 320 (± 191) |
2300 (± 260) 1870 (± 153) 770 (± 231) 850 (± 71) |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- One hour inhalation whole body exposure to dichlorosilane at nominal concentrations of 257, 493 or 1000 ppm resulted in mortalities at all concentrations and clinical signs consistent with exposure to hydrogen chloride. The LC50 for dichlorosilane was calculated to be 314 ppm (95% confidence limits 211 - 466 ppm). This equates to a 4-hour LC50 of 157 ppm.
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