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EC number: 212-850-1 | CAS number: 873-74-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-10-06 to 2017-10-30
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult subsances and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, December 14, 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-aminobenzonitrile
- EC Number:
- 212-850-1
- EC Name:
- 4-aminobenzonitrile
- Cas Number:
- 873-74-5
- Molecular formula:
- C7H6N2
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-aminobenzonitrile
- Test material form:
- solid: flakes
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Analytical purity: 100.9% (w/w)
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: M15LB4547
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2017-12-26 (retest date)
- Purity test date: 2017-10-25 (certificate of analysis release date)
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: not indicated
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: solubility in water: 8.3 g/L
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: Samples were taken before the start of the test and after 72 hours from each test medium and from the control. In addition, the filter containing undissolved residue was kept for possible analysis. Additionally, reserve samples of 1.8 mL were taken for possible analysis. At the end of the exposure period, the replicates with algae were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Stored in a freezer until analysis.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The batch of JNJ-25760046-AAA (T002680) tested was a slightly yellow to brown granular powder with a purity of 100.9% (w/w). Although the water solubility was given as 8.3 g/L the item appeared not completely soluble in test medium at the concentration initially prepared. No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test item. A saturated solutions (SS) was prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L applying 3 days of magnetic stirring at room temperature to ensure maximum dissolution of the test item in test medium. This resulted in a colourless dispersion that contained undissolved floating material and precipitate. The obtained mixture was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter (Whatman; RC55) to remove the undissolved fraction. The filter was pre-conditioned with a small volume of test solution that was discarded. The resulting SS was used as the highest test concentration. Lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the SS in test medium.
After preparation, volumes of 50 mL were added to each replicate of the respective test concentration. Subsequently, 1 mL of an algal suspension was added to each replicate providing a cell density of 104 cells/mL.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): All final test solutions were clear and colourless
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): In-house laboratory culture
- Method of cultivation: Algal stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 21-24°C. M1 medium was used.
- Pre-culture: 3 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in M2 medium at a cell density of 1E+04 cells/mL. The pre-culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test. Cell density was measured before use.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not relevant (except pre-culture 3 days before start of the test)
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 24 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 21-24 °C
- pH:
- t=0h: 8.1 - 8.3
t=72h: 8.1- 8.4 - Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable
- Salinity:
- not relevant
- Conductivity:
- not relevant
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Range-finder:
nominal test concentrations: 10 and 100% SS
measured test concentration t = 0 h: 9.18 and 94.0 mg/L
measured test concentration t = 72 h: 9.35 and 97.4 mg/L
Final test:
nominal test concentrations: 0, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 % of the SS prepared at 100 mg/L
measured test concentration t = 0 h: n.d., 4.21, 9.45, 20.5, 43.3, 95.3 mg/L
measured test concentration t = 72 h: 0.0138*, 4.22, 9.50, 20.8, 43.6, 97.2 mg/L
n.d. = not detected
* = The maximum contribution to the lowest sample concentration based on area was 0.34%
Measured concentrations remained stable until the end of the exposure (93-102% of the initial concentrations). - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL all-glass flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): capped vessels
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL all-glass flasks filled with 50 mL test solution
- Initial cells density: 10,000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 214 x 10,000 cells/mL (mean)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: M1; according to the NPR 6505 (“Nederlandse Praktijk Richtlijn no. 6505”) formulated using Milli-RO water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used:
NaNO3 500 mg/L
K2HPO4.3H2O 52 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O 75 mg/L
Na2CO3.10H2O 54 mg/L
C6H8O7.H2O 6 mg/L
NH4NO3 330 mg/L
CaCl2.2H2O 35 mg/L
C6H5FeO7.xH2O 6 mg/L
H3BO3 2.9 mg/L
MnCl2.4H2O 1.81 mg/L
ZnCl2 0.11 mg/L
CuSO4.5H2O 0.08 mg/L
(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O 0.018 mg/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: M2, according to the OECD 201 Guideline, formulated using Milli-RO water.
- Culture medium different from test medium: Yes (M1 versus M2). Three days before the start of the test the algal stock culture (culture in M1) was inoculated in the same culture medium (M2) used in the test. The culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test.
- Intervals of measurements: pH was measured at the beginning and at the end of the test. Temperature was continuously measured in a control vessel. At the end of the final test microscopic observations were performed on all test concentrations to observe for any abnormal appearance of the algae.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no information
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: using TLD-lamps (with a light intensity within the range of 96 to 98 µE.m-2.s-1)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter]: At the beginning, cells were counted using a microscope and a counting chamber. Thereafter, cell densities were determined by spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 680 nm using a spectrophotometer with immersion probe (pathlength = 10mm).
- Effect calculated parameters: specific growth rate and yield
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2.2
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 1.0, 10 and 100% of the SS (setup as combined range finder/limit test)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 22 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: NOEC based on biological relevance
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- 72-h EC50 (yield) = 37 mg T2680/L (95% C.L. 35-40 mg/L)
- 72-h EC10 (growth rate) = 35 mg T002680/L (95% C.L. 32-38 mg/L)
- 72-h EC10 (yield) = 10 mg T002680/L (95% C.L. 8.5-11 mg/L)
- 72-h NOEC (yield) = 4.6 mg T002680 /L
- 72-h EC20 (growth rate) = 54 mg T002680/L (95% C.L. 51-57 mg/L)
- 72-h EC20 (yield) = 16 mg T002680/L (95% C.L. 14-17 mg/L) - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- 72-h EC50 (growth rate) = 1.1 mg/L (95% C.L. 1.1 to 1.1 mg/L)
- 72-h EC50 (yield) = 0.36 mg/L (95% C.L. 0.35 to 0.36 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The test concentrations compared with those obtained in the negative control revealed significant inhibition of growth rate or inhibition of yield (Williams Multiple Sequential t-test Procedure, α=0.05, one-sided, smaller).
Additionally, the EC10 and EC20 were determined to meet the recommendations as put down in "A Review of Statistical Data Analysis and Experimental Design in OECD Aquatic Toxicology Test Guidelines" by S. Pack, August 1993.
Calculation of ECx values was based on probit analysis using linear maximum likelihood regression with the percentages of growth rate inhibition and the percentages of yield inhibition versus the logarithms of the corresponding concentrations of the test item.
No EC50-value could be calculated for growth rate (EC50 > maximum concentration tested). The calculations were performed with ToxRat Professional v. 3.2.1. (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A 72-h growth inhibition test with the unicellular green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was performed with the test substance T002680 according to the OECD guideline 201 (GLP conditions). It can be concluded that the test item had no significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata up to and including the test concentration of 10 mg/L, after the test period of 72 hours. The analytically confirmed nominal EC50 for growth rate inhibition (72h-ErC50) was beyond the range tested, i.e. exceeded 100 mg/L. The results of the test can be considered reliable without restrictions.
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