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EC number: 500-014-1 | CAS number: 9004-95-9 1 - 2.5 moles ethoxylated
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- effects on growth of green algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 19 Aug to 26 Aug 2020
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: control and 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: samples taken after test preparation at 0 hours and from the pooled replicates at 72 hours, and at 24h and 48 h
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All 0, 24 and 48-Hour samples were stored frozen prior to analysis alongside the 72-Hour test samples. - Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A nominal amount of test item (200 mg) was weighed onto a glass slide and suspended under the surface of 2 liters of culture medium to give the 100 mg/L loading rate. After the addition of the test item, the culture medium was stirred by magnetic stirrer using a stirring rate such that a vortex was formed to give a dimple at the water surface. The stirring was stopped after 23 hours and the mixture allowed to stand for 1-Hour. Visual observations made on the WAF indicated that a significant amount of dispersed test item was present in the water column and hence it was considered justifiable to remove the WAF by filtering through a glass wool plug (2 to 4 cm in length). A wide bore glass tube, covered at one end with Nescofilm was submerged into the vessel, sealed end down, to a depth of approximately 5 cm from the bottom of the vessel. A length of Tygon tubing was inserted into the glass tube and pushed through the Nescofilm seal. A glass wool plug was inserted into the opposite end of the tubing and the WAF removed by mid-depth siphoning (the first 100 mL discarded). Further filtration through a single sheet of coarse filter paper was conducted to remove as much undissolved test item as possible. Microscopic observations of the WAF were performed after filtering and showed there to be no micro dispersions of test item present. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: CCAP 278/4
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), SAMS Research Services Ltd, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, Scotland.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3-4 days
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 24 ±1 ºC
- pH:
- 7.7 - 8.8
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test substance concentration: 100 mg/L (WAF)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass conical flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): plugged with polyurethane foam bungs
- Fill volume: 100 mL
- Initial cells density: 5.00 x 10*3 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: according to guideline
- Intervals of water quality measurement: daily
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: approximately 7000 lux, warm white lighting (380 to 730 nm)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Coulter® Multisizer Particle Counter.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: not applicaple
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no effect on growth at 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAF
CULTURING APPARATUS
-Details on culturing apparatus used: INFORS Multitron (R) incubator - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- loading rate WAF
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- loading rate WAF
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- loading rate WAF
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
Analysis of the 100 mg/L loading rate WAF test preparation at 0 hours showed a measured test concentration of 0.015 mg/L was obtained. Analysis at 24, 48 and 72 hours showed a decline in measured test concentration occurred to less than the LOQ of the analytical method employed, determined to be 0.00053 mg/L. Analysis of a 100 mg/L loading rate WAF sample prepared at the start of the test to which no algal cells were added also showed a measured test concentration of less than the LOQ after 72 hours exposure indicating that the decline observed was due to instability of the test item under test conditions rather than adsorption of the test item to the algal cells present. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- ErC50 (0 to 72 hour): 1.2 mg/L; 95% confidence limits 1.1 to 1.3 mg/L
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- All statistical analyses were performed using the ToxRatPro software package Version 3.2.1 (TOXRAT, 2001-2015).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Please refer to table 3 at "Any other information on results incl. tables"
Reference
Table 1 Inhibition of Growth Rate and Yield in the Definitive Test
Nominal Loading Rate |
Growth Rate (cells/mL/hour) |
Yield (cells/mL) |
|||
0 to 72 Hour |
% Inhibition |
0 to 72 Hour |
% Inhibition* |
||
Control |
R1 |
0.077 |
- |
1.29E+06 |
- |
R2 |
0.076 |
1.22E+06 |
|||
R3 |
0.076 |
1.21E+06 |
|||
R4 |
0.079 |
1.50E+06 |
|||
R5 |
0.077 |
1.23E+06 |
|||
R6 |
0.075 |
1.14E+06 |
|||
Mean |
0.077 |
1.27E+06 |
|||
SD |
0.001 |
1.27E+05 |
|||
100 |
R1 |
0.078 |
[1] 0 [1] [3] [3] [1] [2]
|
1.34E+06 |
[9] |
R2 |
0.077 |
1.28E+06 |
|||
R3 |
0.078 |
1.36E+06 |
|||
R1 |
0.079 |
1.49E+06 |
|||
R2 |
0.079 |
1.46E+06 |
|||
R3 |
0.078 |
1.37E+06 |
|||
Mean |
0.078 |
1.38E+06 |
|||
SD |
0.001 |
7.74E+04 |
* In accordance with the OECD test guideline only the mean value for yield is calculated
R = Replicate
SD = Standard deviation
[ ] = Increase in growth compared to controls
Table 2: Analytical dose verification
Time [h] |
Nominal loading rate [mg/l] |
Measured [mg/l] |
% of nominal |
0 |
Control |
< LOQ |
- |
0 |
100 |
0.0152 |
- |
procedural recovery1 |
0.00530 |
0.00497 |
94 |
procedural recovery2 |
0.00530 |
0.00511 |
96 |
24 |
100 |
< LOQ |
- |
48 |
100 |
< LOQ |
- |
72 |
Control |
< LOQ |
- |
|
100 |
< LOQ |
- |
|
100 no algae |
< LOQ |
- |
Procedural recovery: to demonstrate the validity of the analytical procedure, duplicate volumes of test medium were spiked with the test item at the required concentrations and treated as per the test samples. The concentrations quoted for the procedural recovery samples are the actual fortified concentrations. The corresponding percentage of nominal concentration values relate the Percentage of Fortified Concentration recovered.
Table 3: Validity criteria for OECD 201.
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
The biomass in the control cultures should have increased exponentially by a factor of at least 16 within the 72-hour test period. |
254 |
yes |
The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3, for 72-hour tests) in the control cultures must not exceed 35% |
14% |
yes |
The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures must not exceed 7% in tests with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus. For other less frequently tested species, the value should not exceed 10%. |
1% |
yes |
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The toxicity of Hexadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated to aquatic algae was investigated in a study conducted according to OECD guideline 201. The study assessed the effect of a limit concentration of 100 mg/L (nominal loading rate, WAF) on the growth of Raphidocelis subcapitata. The test concentration was analytically monitored by HPLC/MS-MS. Based on the algal growth an ErL50 (72h): >100 mg/L (nominal, WAF) was determined (ErL10 (72h): >100 mg/L (nominal, WAF).
Studies investigating the acute and chronic toxicity of the category substance Alcohols, C16-18 (even numbered), ethoxylated, < 2.5 EO (CAS No. 68439-49-6) are still ongoing. The outcome of the studies is expected to have an impact on the evaluation of the aquatic toxicity of Hexadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated.
Therefore, the current assessment of the aquatic toxicity of the target substance Hexadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated is considered preliminary and will be updated as soon as the final study reports are available.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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