Bis(dodecylthio)dioctylstannane

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

17 August 2016 to 31 August 2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

other: read-across target

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

13 April 2004

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Test concentration analysis was done at Auriga Research Ltd, Unit-III, No. 136, 6th Cross, 2nd Stage, Yeshwanthpur industrial suburb, Bangalore-560022.
During range finding study and main study, samples from all the test concentrations was collected at 0 hour on day 0 for the analysis of test concentration and at 48 hour on day 2 for stability analysis. The samples were collected from the central point of the test vessel. The validated analytical method for determination of test concentrations analysis of DOTE was used for analytics.
The test concentration samples were collected in duplicates (2 x 10 mL) for each test concentrations including vehicle control and transferred at ambient condition for test concentration confirmation analysis to Auriga Research Ltd, Unit-III, No. 136, 6th Cross, 2nd Stage, Yeshwanthpur industrial suburb, Bangalore-560022. Results are based on measured concentration, the concentration of test substance has been satisfactorily maintained within 20 percent of nominal concentration.

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

Based on the in house dissolution test DOTE was miscible in DMSO (100 µL/L) and reconstituted water. Hence DMSO (100µL/L) and reconstituted water will be selected as the vehicle for preparation of test item formulation.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

In house maintained Daphnia magna procured, from Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Division, Department of Zoology, Karnataka University, Karnataka, India.
Young daphnids less than 24 h old. (Derived from healthy stock showing no signs of stress, such as high mortality rate, discolored daphnids, presence of male and ephippia, delay in the production of the first brood).

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

Duration of the experiment was 48 hour. Experiment was conducted in static condition i.e., the test media was not renewed until completion of the exposure period of 48 hour

Hardness:

216-220 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

20.2-20.3 °C

pH:

6.29-3.8

Dissolved oxygen:

At the end of Test
7.16 mg/ in control
7.10 in test vessels

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Range Finding Study
A range finding (RF) study with 6 concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L of DOTE was used along with controls (negative and solvent) to find out the range of the lethal concentrations.

Main Study
Based on results of the range finding study, the main study was conducted at the scattered concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 20.0 and 40 mg/L specified by the sponsor (rationale of concentration spaced is not as per geometric factor specified in guideline, OECD 203 Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilization Test) along with the control groups (negative and solvent groups).

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

24.12 mg/L

Basis for effect:

mobility

Results with reference substance (positive control):

The 48 hour acute median effective concentration (EC50) of Potassium dichromate on Daphnia was 0.90 mg/L[RC1] (BIO-ET 051). This 48 hour EC50 of Potassium dichromate lie in the validity criteria acceptance range (0.60 to 2.12 mg/L) towards test system response and test procedure followed. Hence this test with reference standard establishes the acceptability of test system response and test procedure followed.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Based on the results of the experiment and under the experimental conditions employed, it can be concluded that the 48 hour acute median effective concentration (EC50) of DOTE on Daphnia is 24.12 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) over the 48 hour exposure period were 0.05 and 0.1 mg/L of DOTE, respectively.

Executive summary:

The test material, DOTE, was evaluated for 48-hour acute toxicity on Daphnia in accordance with OECD Guideline No. 202, “Daphina sp., Acute Immobilisation Test”.

This study of DOTE on Daphnia was performed to determine the 48 hour 50% Effective Concentration (EC50) for immobility and to determine Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) and No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC).

Daphnids were exposed for the test material under static conditions. Daphnids were observed at 24 and 48 hours for signs of toxicity and immobility during exposure. For the range finding study duplicate containers of 5 daphnids at each concentration plus control groups (negative and solvent) were used. Daphnids were exposed to test concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L of DOTE. Cumulative immobility of 10.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0 and 100.0 %, respectively, was observed within the DOTE test groups. There were recorded observations of daphnids localised on the bottom of the container at the tested concentration of 1.0 mg/L. Lethargy in addition to daphnids localised on the bottom of container were observed at the tested concentrations of 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L of DOTE during the 48 hours of observation period. No clinical signs or immobility were observed in negative or solvent controls during the 48 hour exposure period. Based on the results of the range finding study, the main study was conducted at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L of DOTE in the aqueous test medium. Quadruplicate containers of 5 daphnids at each concentration plus negative and solvent controls were included.

Cumulative immobility of 0.0, 10.0, 15.0, 30.0, 55.0 and 100.0% was observed at DOTE test concentrations 0.05, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L, respectively. No clinical signs or immobility were observed in negative or solvent controls during the 48 hour exposure period. Daphnids were observed localised on the bottom of container at the tested concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Lethargy was observed in addition to daphnids localised on the bottom of container at the tested concentrations of 1.0, 5.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L. No clinical signs or immobility were observed in negative or solvent controls or at the test concentration of 0.05 mg/L DOTE during the 48 hour exposure period. 

The test concentrations at the 0 hour were analytically confirmed to be within in the acceptable range of ± 20% recovey to the nominal concentrations.

Based on the above results of the experiment and under the experimental conditions employed, it can be concluded that the 48 hour acute median effective concentration (EC50) of DOTE on Daphnia is 24.12 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) over the 48 hour exposure period were 0.05 and 0.1 mg/L of DOTE, respectively.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted on read-across material

Justification for type of information:

Read-across to DOTE (Dioctyltin bis(2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate)) (CAS 15571-58-1), see attached justification.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

24.12 mg/L

Basis for effect:

mobility

Description of key information

Read-Across to structurally similar substance DOTE (CAS 15571-58-1)

Based on the above results of the experiment and under the experimental conditions employed, it can be concluded that the 48 hour acute median effective concentration (EC50) of DOTE on Daphnia is 24.12 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) over the 48 hour exposure period were 0.05 and 0.1 mg/L of DOTE, respectively.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

24.12 mg/L

Additional information

Read-Across to structurally similar substance DOTE

The test material DOTE (CAS No 15571 -58-1), was evaluated for 48-hour acute toxicity on Daphnia in accordance with OECD Guideline No. 202, “Daphina sp., Acute Immobilisation Test”.

This study of DOTE on Daphnia was performed to determine the 48 hour 50% Effective Concentration (EC50) for immobility and to determine Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) and No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC).

Daphnids were exposed for the test material under static conditins. Daphnids were observed at 24 and 48 hours for signs of toxicity and immobility during exposure. For the range finding study duplicate containers of 5 daphnids at each concentration plus control groups (negative and solvent) were used. Daphnids were exposed to test concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L of DOTE. Cumulative immobility of 10.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0 and 100.0 %, respectively, was observed within the DOTE test groups. There were recorded observations of daphnids localised on the bottom of the container at the tested concentration of 1.0 mg/L. Lethargy in addition to daphnids localised on the bottom of container were observed at the tested concentrations of 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L of DOTE during the 48 hours of observation period. No clinical signs or immobility were observed in negative or solvent controls during the 48 hour exposure period. Based on the results of the range finding study, the main study was conducted at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L of DOTE in the aqueous test medium. Quadruplicate containers of 5 daphnids at each concentration plus negative and solvent controls were included.

Cumulative immobility of 0.0, 10.0, 15.0, 30.0, 55.0 and 100.0% was observed at DOTE test concentrations 0.05, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L, respectively. No clinical signs or immobility were observed in negative or solvent controls during the 48 hour exposure period. Daphnids were observed localised on the bottom of container at the tested concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Lethargy was observed in addition to daphnids localised on the bottom of container at the tested concentrations of 1.0, 5.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L. No clinical signs or immobility were observed in negative or solvent controls or at the test concentration of 0.05 mg/L DOTE during the 48 hour exposure period. 

The test concentrations at the 0 hour were analytically confirmed to be within in the acceptable range of ± 20% recovey to the nominal concentrations.

Based on the above results of the experiment and under the experimental conditions employed, it can be concluded that the 48 hour acute median effective concentration (EC50) of DOTE on Daphnia is 24.12 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) over the 48 hour exposure period were 0.05 and 0.1 mg/L of DOTE, respectively.