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EC number: 200-796-1 | CAS number: 73-24-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018-08-09 to 2018-09-06
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted July 17, 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of activated sludge: Municipal sewage treatment plant, 31137 Hildesheim, Germany; receiving predominantly municipal sewage and hardly any industrial chemical waste
- Pretreatment: The activated sludge was washed twice with tap water. After the second washing the settled sludge was resuspended in mineral salts medium and was maintained in an aerobic condition by aeration with CO2 free air until test start (2 days).
- Concentration of sludge: The amount of inoculum used to initiate inoculation was 3.84 mL/L (25.1 mg/L dw).
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: Colony forming units (CFU) of the inoculum were determined prior to test start by standard dilution plate count: 1.30 x 109 CFU/L. The CFU concentration of the inoculum corresponds to approx. 0.50 x 107 CFU/L in the final test solution. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 88 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD
- Remarks:
- corresponding to an oxygen demand of 51.9 mg O2/L
- Initial conc.:
- 32 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD
- Remarks:
- corresponding to an oxygen demand of 94.4 mg O2/L with nitrification
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Mineral salts medium according to OECD 301 F
- Additional substrate: No
- Test temperature: Nominal: 20 - 24, ± 1 °C; actual: 21.0 – 21.3 °C
- pH: 7.71 - 7.77 (start), 5.31 - 7.29 (end); replicates outside of the range of 6.0 – 8.5 at test end were not evaluated
- pH adjusted: no
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: incubator
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: shaker
- Measuring equipment: OxiTop measuring system
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: 360 measuring points (every 112 minutes) during the 28 d incubation period
- Sampling method: OxiTop measuring system
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 2
- Functional control: 1
- Toxicity control: 1 - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- Not performed
- Test performance:
- The percentage degradation of the functional control reached the pass level of 60 % within 3 days (validity criterion: 60 % after 14 days).
The mean oxygen depletion in the inoculum control was 36.1 mg oxygen/L on day 28 (validity criterion: < 60 mg oxygen/L).
The pH-value of all test replicates was in the range of 6.0 - 8.5 at the end of the test, except for the test item replicates with a test item concentration of 88 mg/L. But since the BOD of these replicates was outside of the measurement range of the respirometer, these replicates were not evaluated anyway.
The difference of extremes of replicate values of removal of the test item at the end of the test was less than 20 % (1% difference on day 28).
The percentage degradation of the toxicity control reached the pass level of 25 % within 2 days (validity criterion: 25 % after 14 days). - Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 99
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- At test end, the concentration of nitrite and nitrate was determined by photometric measurement from aliquots of the test item replicates. The corresponding oxygen consumption was calculated with the factors 3.43 for nitrite and 4.57 for nitrate, as given in OECD 301F. In both test item replicates the formation of oxidized nitrogen was determined. Accordingly, the biodegradation was calculated with the ThODNO3. Both test item replicates reached the 10% level (beginning of biodegradation) on day 5 and the 60% pass level on day 10. The mean biodegradation on day 28 was 99%. ThODNO3 of 94.4 mg O2/L (i.e. with nitrification) was considered, since the concentration of nitrate increased during the test.
- Results with reference substance:
- The pass level for ready biodegradation of 60% degradation was reached on day 3. The validity criterion that the degradation should be ≥ 60% after 14 d was fulfilled. The adaptation phase changed to the degradation phase within 2 days (degradation > 10%), with a maximum of 89% on day 27.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- In a valid and GLP-compliant Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD TG 301 F the test item was found to be readily biodegradable by OECD criteria (99% biodegradation after 28 days).
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the test item was determined with non-adapted activated sludge in a GLP-compliant Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD TG 301 F for a period of 28 days. The test item concentration selected as appropriate was 88 mg/L, corresponding to a ThOD of 51.9 mg O2/L and 32 mg/L test item with 94.4mg O2/L (in case of nitrification) per test vessel. The oxygen was depleted by the respiration of bacteria and the degradation was followed by measuring the oxygen concentration. The biodegradation rate is therefore expressed as the percentage BOD (biological oxygen demand) and was calculated for each study day. In result, the mean oxygen depletion in the inoculum control was 36.1 mg O2/L on day 28. In order to check the activity of the test system sodium benzoate was used as functional control. The pass level of 60% was reached on day 3. The biodegradation reached a maximum of 89% degradation on day 27. In the toxicity control containing both test and reference item, 81% degradation occurred within 14 days, with 81% after 28 days. The degradation of the reference item was not inhibited by the test item. Both test item replicates reached the 10% level (beginning of biodegradation) on day 5 and the 60% pass level on day 10. The mean biodegradation on day 28 was 99%. ThODNO3 of 94.4 mg O2/L (i.e. with nitrification) was considered, since the concentration of nitrate increased during the test. Since the test item replicates with a concentration of 88 mg/L were out of the measurement range of the respirometer and the pH was out of the range, these replicates were not considered for evaluation. The validity criteria of the guideline are fulfilled.
Reference
Table 1: Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of Inoculum Control, Functional Control, Test Item (88 mg/L) and Toxicity Control
Date | [d] | BOD [mg O2/L] | ||||||||
Inoculum control |
Functional Control |
Test item (88 mg/L) | Toxicity Control Test Item (88 mg/L) + Reference Item |
|||||||
R1 | P1 | P2 | T1 | |||||||
mean | gross | net | gross | net | gross | net | gross | net | ||
10.08.2018 | 1 | 1.3 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 3.8 | 2.5 |
11.08.2018 | 2 | 4.1 | 31.9 | 27.8 | 3.3 | -0.8 | 5.9 | 1.8 | 35.8 | 31.7 |
12.08.2018 | 3 | 6.9 | 37.2 | 30.2 | 6.5 | -0.4 | 9.7 | 2.8 | 52.5 | 45.6 |
13.08.2018 | 4 | 10.1 | 42.0 | 31.9 | 11.0 | 0.9 | 15.0 | 5.0 | 73.9 | 63.8 |
14.08.2018 | 5 | 12.6 | 45.9 | 33.2 | 20.3 | 7.6 | 26.7 | 14.0 | 94.5 | 81.8 |
15.08.2018 | 6 | 14.9 | 50.2 | 35.3 | 35.3 | 20.5 | 43.7 | 28.8 | 107.3 | 92.5 |
16.08.2018 | 7 | 16.8 | 54.6 | 37.8 | 51.7 | 34.9 | 61.6 | 44.8 | 118.9 | 102.1 |
17.08.2018 | 8 | 18.2 | 57.7 | 39.4 | 64.8 | 46.6 | 73.9 | 55.7 | 135.7 | 117.4 |
18.08.2018 | 9 | 20.5 | 60.9 | 40.4 | 75.2 | 54.7 | 87.9 | 67.4 | 162.9 | 142.4 |
19.08.2018 | 10 | 22.5 | 64.2 | 41.6 | 89.0 | 66.5 | 108.3 | 85.8 | 199.8 | 177.3 |
20.08.2018 | 11 | 24.1 | 66.2 | 42.1 | 108.2 | 84.1 | 136.3 | 112.2 | 232.8 | 208.6 |
21.08.2018 | 12 | 25.5 | 68.2 | 42.7 | 137.0 | 111.5 | 173.1 | 147.6 | 254.6 | 229.1 |
22.08.2018 | 13 | 26.7 | 69.9 | 43.2 | 175.4 | 148.7 | 212.3 | 185.6 | 269.3 | 242.6 |
23.08.2018 | 14 | 27.7 | 71.4 | 43.7 | 211.8 | 184.1 | 238.0 | 210.3 | 277.9 | 250.3 |
24.08.2018 | 15 | 28.4 | 72.1 | 43.8 | 231.2 | 202.9 | 251.9 | 223.6 | 282.7 | 254.3 |
25.08.2018 | 16 | 29.8 | 73.3 | 43.5 | 243.3 | 213.5 | 261.5 | 231.7 | 285.9 | 256.2 |
26.08.2018 | 17 | 30.8 | 74.5 | 43.6 | 251.4 | 220.5 | 268.3 | 237.5 | 287.8 | 256.9 |
27.08.2018 | 18 | 31.9 | 75.3 | 43.4 | 257.0 | 225.1 | 273.1 | 241.2 | 289.0 | 257.1 |
28.08.2018 | 19 | 32.5 | 76.1 | 43.6 | 261.5 | 229.0 | 276.6 | 244.2 | 289.1 | 256.6 |
29.08.2018 | 20 | 32.8 | 76.1 | 43.3 | 264.8 | 232.0 | 278.6 | 245.8 | 289.0 | 256.2 |
30.08.2018 | 21 | 33.0 | 76.4 | 43.4 | 267.3 | 234.3 | 279.8 | 246.8 | 289.0 | 256.0 |
31.08.2018 | 22 | 33.5 | 77.4 | 43.9 | 269.9 | 236.4 | 282.2 | 248.7 | 289.0 | 255.5 |
01.09.2018 | 23 | 34.4 | 78.4 | 43.9 | 271.8 | 237.4 | 283.8 | 249.3 | 289.0 | 254.6 |
02.09.2018 | 24 | 34.8 | 78.9 | 44.1 | 272.8 | 237.9 | 285.1 | 250.3 | 289.0 | 254.2 |
03.09.2018 | 25 | 35.2 | 78.9 | 43.7 | 274.8 | 239.6 | 285.8 | 250.6 | 289.0 | 253.8 |
04.09.2018 | 26 | 35.5 | 79.5 | 44.0 | 276.0 | 240.5 | 286.2 | 250.6 | 288.4 | 252.9 |
05.09.2018 | 27 | 35.8 | 80.3 | 44.5 | 277.4 | 241.5 | 286.7 | 250.8 | 288.1 | 252.2 |
06.09.2018 | 28 | 36.1 | 80.5 | 44.4 | 278.2 | 242.0 | 287.9 | 251.8 | 287.6 | 251.5 |
Table 2: Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of Inoculum Control, Functional Control and Test Item (32 mg/L)
Date | [d] | BOD [mg O2/L] | ||||||
Inoculum control |
Functional Control | Test item (32 mg/L) | ||||||
R1 | P1 | P2 | ||||||
mean | gross | net | gross | net | gross | net | ||
10.08.2018 | 1 | 1.3 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.9 |
11.08.2018 | 2 | 4.1 | 31.9 | 27.8 | 4.7 | 0.6 | 4.6 | 0.5 |
12.08.2018 | 3 | 6.9 | 37.2 | 30.2 | 8.6 | 1.7 | 8.5 | 1.6 |
13.08.2018 | 4 | 10.1 | 42.0 | 31.9 | 15.5 | 5.4 | 15.0 | 5.0 |
14.08.2018 | 5 | 12.6 | 45.9 | 33.2 | 26.0 | 13.4 | 25.0 | 12.4 |
15.08.2018 | 6 | 14.9 | 50.2 | 35.3 | 38.4 | 23.5 | 37.5 | 22.7 |
16.08.2018 | 7 | 16.8 | 54.6 | 37.8 | 47.7 | 30.9 | 46.7 | 29.9 |
17.08.2018 | 8 | 18.2 | 57.7 | 39.4 | 56.9 | 38.7 | 55.9 | 37.7 |
18.08.2018 | 9 | 20.5 | 60.9 | 40.4 | 68.8 | 48.3 | 68.1 | 47.6 |
19.08.2018 | 10 | 22.5 | 64.2 | 41.6 | 85.1 | 62.6 | 84.7 | 62.1 |
20.08.2018 | 11 | 24.1 | 66.2 | 42.1 | 104.0 | 79.9 | 103.0 | 78.9 |
21.08.2018 | 12 | 25.5 | 68.2 | 42.7 | 112.9 | 87.4 | 111.4 | 85.9 |
22.08.2018 | 13 | 26.7 | 69.9 | 43.2 | 116.5 | 89.8 | 114.8 | 88.1 |
23.08.2018 | 14 | 27.7 | 71.4 | 43.7 | 117.6 | 90.0 | 116.9 | 89.3 |
24.08.2018 | 15 | 28.4 | 72.1 | 43.8 | 118.8 | 90.5 | 117.8 | 89.5 |
25.08.2018 | 16 | 29.8 | 73.3 | 43.5 | 120.8 | 91.0 | 120.3 | 90.5 |
26.08.2018 | 17 | 30.8 | 74.5 | 43.6 | 122.2 | 91.4 | 121.3 | 90.5 |
27.08.2018 | 18 | 31.9 | 75.3 | 43.4 | 123.5 | 91.6 | 122.5 | 90.6 |
28.08.2018 | 19 | 32.5 | 76.1 | 43.6 | 124.0 | 91.5 | 123.5 | 91.0 |
29.08.2018 | 20 | 32.8 | 76.1 | 43.3 | 124.2 | 91.4 | 124.3 | 91.5 |
30.08.2018 | 21 | 33.0 | 76.4 | 43.4 | 124.5 | 91.5 | 124.6 | 91.6 |
31.08.2018 | 22 | 33.5 | 77.4 | 43.9 | 125.2 | 91.7 | 125.3 | 91.8 |
01.09.2018 | 23 | 34.4 | 78.4 | 43.9 | 126.4 | 91.9 | 126.8 | 92.3 |
02.09.2018 | 24 | 34.8 | 78.9 | 44.1 | 127.1 | 92.3 | 127.2 | 92.3 |
03.09.2018 | 25 | 35.2 | 78.9 | 43.7 | 127.9 | 92.7 | 127.9 | 92.7 |
04.09.2018 | 26 | 35.5 | 79.5 | 44.0 | 128.0 | 92.5 | 128.3 | 92.8 |
05.09.2018 | 27 | 35.8 | 80.3 | 44.5 | 128.0 | 92.2 | 129.5 | 93.7 |
06.09.2018 | 28 | 36.1 | 80.5 | 44.4 | 128.3 | 92.2 | 129.9 | 93.8 |
Table 3: Biodegradation [%] of the Test Item (32 mg/L) in Comparison to the Functional Control and Toxicity Control
Date | [d] | Biodegradation [%] | |||
Functional Control | Test item (32 mg/L) | Toxicity Control* Test Item (88 mg/L) + Reference Item |
|||
R1 | P1 | P2 | T | ||
10.08.2018 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
11.08.2018 | 2 | 55 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
12.08.2018 | 3 | 60 | 2 | 2 | 15 |
13.08.2018 | 4 | 64 | 6 | 5 | 21 |
14.08.2018 | 5 | 66 | 14 | 13 | 26 |
15.08.2018 | 6 | 70 | 25 | 24 | 30 |
16.08.2018 | 7 | 76 | 33 | 32 | 33 |
17.08.2018 | 8 | 79 | 41 | 40 | 38 |
18.08.2018 | 9 | 81 | 51 | 50 | 46 |
19.08.2018 | 10 | 83 | 66 | 66 | 57 |
20.08.2018 | 11 | 84 | 85 | 84 | 67 |
21.08.2018 | 12 | 85 | 93 | 91 | 74 |
22.08.2018 | 13 | 86 | 95 | 93 | 78 |
23.08.2018 | 14 | 87 | 95 | 95 | 81 |
24.08.2018 | 15 | 87 | 96 | 95 | 82 |
25.08.2018 | 16 | 87 | 96 | 96 | 83 |
26.08.2018 | 17 | 87 | 97 | 96 | 83 |
27.08.2018 | 18 | 87 | 97 | 96 | 83 |
28.08.2018 | 19 | 87 | 97 | 96 | 83 |
29.08.2018 | 20 | 86 | 97 | 97 | 83 |
30.08.2018 | 21 | 87 | 97 | 97 | 83 |
31.08.2018 | 22 | 88 | 97 | 97 | 83 |
01.09.2018 | 23 | 88 | 97 | 98 | 82 |
02.09.2018 | 24 | 88 | 98 | 98 | 82 |
03.09.2018 | 25 | 87 | 98 | 98 | 82 |
04.09.2018 | 26 | 88 | 98 | 98 | 82 |
05.09.2018 | 27 | 89 | 98 | 99 | 81 |
06.09.2018 | 28 | 89 | 98 | 99 | 81 |
Table 4: pH-Values at Test Start and Test End
pH-Value | ||
Start | End | |
Inoculum Control | 7.75 | 1) 7.29 |
2) 7.29 | ||
Functional Control | 7.77 | 7.46 |
Test Item * | 7.7 | 1) 5.53 |
(88 mg/L) | 2) 5.31 | |
Toxicity Control | 7.72 | 6.46 |
Test Item | 7.77 | 1) 6.93 |
(32 mg/L) | 2) 6.92 |
1), 2) = First, second replicate
* The pH was outside of the range of 6.0 – 8.5 at test end. These replicates were not evaluated, see above
Table 5: Nitrite and Nitrate Concentrations at Test End
Nitrite-N | Nitrate-N | corresponding Oxygen consumption |
Biodegradation calculated with nitrification after 28 days |
|
[mg/L] | [mg/L] | [mg/L] | [%] | |
Test item repl. P1* | 0.007 | 43.6 | 199 | -* |
Test item repl. P2* | 0 | 43.8 | 200 | -* |
Test item repl. P1N | 0.004 | 18 | 82.3 | 98 |
Test item repl. P2N | 0.005 | 17.7 | 80.9 | 99 |
Toxicity control T* | 0.267 | 19.6 | 180 | 81* |
*) manometric data out of range
Description of key information
In a Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD TG 301 F the test item was found to be readily biodegradable by OECD criteria (99% biodegradation after 28 days) (reference 5.2.1-1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The ready biodegradability of the test item was determined with non-adapted activated sludge in a GLP-compliant Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD TG 301 F for a period of 28 days. The test item concentration selected as appropriate was 88 mg/L, corresponding to a ThOD of 51.9 mg O2/L and 32 mg/L test item with 94.4mg O2/L (in case of nitrification) per test vessel. In the toxicity control containing both test and reference item, 81% degradation occurred within 14 days, with 81% after 28 days. The degradation of the reference item was not inhibited by the test item. Both test item replicates reached the10% level (beginning of biodegradation) on day 5 and the 60% pass level on day 10. In result, the mean biodegradation on day 28 was 99%. ThODNO3 of 94.4 mg O2/L (i.e. with nitrification) was considered, since the concentration of nitrate increased during the test. The validity criteria of the guideline are fulfilled (reference 5.2.1-1).
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