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EC number: 200-782-5 | CAS number: 72-48-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not specified
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Impacts of structural photomodification on the toxicity of environmental contaminants: anthracene photooxidation products
- Author:
- Mallakin, A., McConkey, B.J., Miao, G., McKibben, B., Snieckus, V., Dixon, G.D, Greenberg, B.M.
- Year:
- 1 999
- Bibliographic source:
- Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 43, 204-212 (1999)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Toxicity after photomodification was also assessed.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone
- EC Number:
- 200-782-5
- EC Name:
- 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone
- Cas Number:
- 72-48-0
- Molecular formula:
- C14H8O4
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Eluate: 0.1 % DMSO
- Controls: 0.1 % DMSO
--> DMSO was found to have no impact on L. gibba growth.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna gibba
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Duckweed
- Strain: Lemna gibba L. G-3
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Lemna was transferred from sucrose-containing growth medium to sucrose-free medium, 2 weeks prior test
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
Test conditions
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 10 µg/mL in a logarithmic series
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Incubation chamber used: yes
- Test vessel: 5-cm petridish
- Type: open
- Renewal rate of test solution: static renewal every 48h
- No. of colonies per vessel: 2
- No. of fronds per colony: 8 leaves
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: fresh half-strength Hunter's medium
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Light intensity and quality: PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), cool-white fluorescent, 400-700 nm and SSR (simulated solar radiation)
- Light saturation: 100 µmol m-2 s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of frond number: manual counting - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Remarks:
- no reference substance mentioned in the publication
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: EC50 measured in PAR light
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.05 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: LOEC measured in PAR light
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: EC50 measured in SSR light
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.09 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: LOEC measured in SSR light
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: after full photomodification
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.01 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: after full photomodification
- Details on results:
- The effect level EC50 was highest in PAR light (5.5 mg/L), followed by SSR light (2.8 mg/L). After full photomodification, the effect value was 1.5 mg/L. This indicates that due to photomodification a more toxic mixture is formed than the intact substance.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Toxicity data were fit to a sigmoidal function (McConkey et al. 1997). Standard errors were calculated for all EC50 values.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Effect concentrations according to the different experiments:
Effect levels | Toxicity in PAR light | Toxicity in SSR light | Toxicity after photomodification | |||
EC50 | LOEC | EC50 | LOEC | EC50 | LOEC | |
mg/L | 5.5 ±0.14 | 0.05 | 2.8 ±0.57 | 0.09 | 1.5 ±0.28 | 0.01 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The effect levels were assessed in a 7d Lemna study, semi-static study. The effect level EC50 was highest in PAR light (5.5 mg/L), followed by SSR light (2.8 mg/L). After full photomodification, the effect value was 1.5 mg/L. This indicates that due to photomodification a more toxic mixture is formed than the intact substance.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test substance to Lemna gibba was assessed in a study similar to OECD 221. The growth inhibition was determined under photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and simulated solar radiation (SSR). Additionally, as the test substance is known to undergo photomodification (half-life measured to be 3h in SSR), a study was also ran after full photomodification (test substance kept 7days in SSR light).
The study was conducted as a semi-static study with renewal of test medium every 48h. The effect concentrations that were assessed are EC50 and LOEC values. In PAR light, the EC50 was found to be 5.5 mg/L and the LOEC 0.05 mg/L. In SSR light, the EC50 was determined to be 2.8 mg/L and LOEC 0.09 mg/L. The lowest effect concentrations were observed after full photomodification: EC50 = 1.5 mg/L and LOEC=0.01 mg/L.
The results indicate that due to photomodification a more toxic mixture is formed.
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