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EC number: 245-589-7 | CAS number: 23328-87-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 6 Nov 2017 - 9 Feb 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 23 March 2006, Annex 5 corrected: 28 July 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg, Karlsruhe, Germany
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-heptadecyl-1H-imidazole
- EC Number:
- 245-589-7
- EC Name:
- 2-heptadecyl-1H-imidazole
- Cas Number:
- 23328-87-2
- Molecular formula:
- C20H38N2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-heptadecyl-1H-imidazole
1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: Analytical samples were taken and analysed in the main test from control and all test item concentrations at 0 hours (initial value) from fresh test solutions and after 24 hours and 72 hours from aged test solutions.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored deep frozen until they were transferred to the analytical laboratory.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A stock solution was prepared by directly weighing 200 mg in 2000 mL test medium. This stock solution was stirred in the dark at room temperature for 24 h (based on OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 23). Afterwards the test item had not gone into solution completely. Small, evenly distributed particles were visible within the solution and particles were observed at the bottom of the vessel and on the surface of the solution. Insoluble particles of the test item were separated from the liquid phase by filtration through a filter with 0.22 µm mean pore size which was saturated beforehand. The test item solutions were made by diluting the stock solution with test medium without algae to give the required nominal test item concentrations. Algae were added to each solution individually resulting in target cell densities of 0.5 × 10E+04 cells per mL in each solution. Approximately 50 mL of the prepared solutions were transferred to each test vessel.
- Controls: blank control without test material
- Eluate: no
- Differential loading: no
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): The filtrated solution was clear and transparent.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: freshwater green algae
- Strain: SAG 61.81
- Source: MBM Sciencebridge GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3-4 days
- Method of cultivation: The algae are grown semi-continuously in sterile cultures in the laboratory. Old medium is periodically replaced by fresh mineral solution in order to keep the algae in an exponential growth state. Conditions of cultivation: Illumination: continuously (approx. 4440 - 8880 lux at cell culture level or 60 - 120 µEm-2s-1); Temperature: 21 - 24 °C; Culture flasks: 100 mL Erlenmeyer flasks; CO2 supply by shaking on a rotating shaker, approximately 105 rpm
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3-4 days
- Culturing media and conditions: same as test
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 22.0 - 23.3 °C
- pH:
- control: 7.36 - 8.47
treatment: 7.34 - 8.75 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations: 100, 55.6, 30.9, 17.1, 9.53 mg/L and control
measured concentrations: < LOD for all treatment solutions - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks (100 mL) with aluminium caps were filled up with ~ 50 mL test solution
- Initial cells density: 0.5 × 10E+04 cells (targeted)
- Control end cells density: 28.39 × 10E+04 cells
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: AAP-Medium (according to Annex 3 of OECD 201)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: according to guideline
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Measurements of pH-value were performed at t = 0 h and t = 72 h, the temperature was measured continuously and recorded at hours 0, 24, 48 and 72 h.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: pH was adjusted to 7.5 ± 0.1 with NaOH or HCl, if necessary
- Photoperiod: continuous light
- Light intensity and quality: 75.9 µEm-2s-1 (mean)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: fluorescence measurement (fluorescence microplate reader (infinite 200Pro) with an emission wavelength of 670 nm and evaluated with Tecan i-control (Software for Tecan Readers Tecan i-control, 1.11.1.0)). Additionally, the morphological appearance of the algae cells was observed microscopically at the end of the test.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations in range finding study: Control, 100, 10.0, 1.00, 0.100 and 0.0100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: After 72 h at termination of the test no concentration response relation and only minor inhibition was observed for the inhibition of growth rate and yield up to and including a nominal test item concentration of 10.0 mg/L. At a nominal test item concentration of 100 mg/L an inhibition of growth rate of 69.9 % and an inhibition of yield of 95.1 % was observed. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium Dichromate; tested regularly
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 46.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- filtered
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI: 34.9 - 60.0 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 25.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- filtered
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI: 20.4 - 31.5 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 17.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- filtered
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- filtered
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- filtered
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI: 8.83 - 29.7 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 11.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- filtered
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI: 7.24 - 15.5 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): normal for the control and up to and including a nominal test item concentration of 17.1 mg/L.
- Unusual cell shape: At a nominal test item concentration of 30.9 mg/L few deformed cells were observed, at a nominal test item concentration of 55.6 mg/L the number of deformed cells observed increased. No cells were observed a nominal test item concentration of 100 mg/L.
For further details on biological results, please refer to section "Any other information on results incl. tables". - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- EC50 (growth rate) = 1.23 mg/L (95% CI: 1.11 - 1.36 mg/L)
EC50 (yield) = 0.685 mg/L (95% CI: 0.610 - 0.764 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The statistical evaluation for the 72 hours period was performed for growth rate and yield using SAS® (2002–2010). A test for normality of the data was performed by calculating the Shapiro-Wilk statistic and the homogeneity of variance of the data was evaluated by calculating the Levene Test. The NOELR and LOELR were determined by using a multiple comparison method (Jonckheere Terpstra test, left sided, for growth rate, Dunnetts-t-test, left sided, for yield). The EL10, 20, 50-values for growth rate and yield were determined by probit analysis following the Gompertz and normal distribution, respectively. Due to statistical reasons inhibition-values above 100 % were set to 100.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Average cell numbers for each sampling time and concentration
Conc. |
Average cell numbers [104/mL] |
|||
[mg/L] |
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
Control |
0.53 |
1.37 |
5.41 |
28.39 |
9.53 |
0.53 |
1.27 |
5.47 |
27.66 |
17.1 |
0.53 |
1.02 |
3.85 |
20.08 |
30.9 |
0.53 |
1.03 |
2.24 |
10.29 |
55.6 |
0.53 |
1.00 |
1.60 |
4.56 |
100 |
0.53 |
0.46 |
0.21 |
0.16 |
Table 2: Percentage inhibition of growth rate
Concentration [mg/L] |
% Inhibition of growth rate |
||
0 h – 24 h |
0 h – 48 h |
0 h – 72 h |
|
Control |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.53 |
5.9 |
-1.8 |
0.0 |
17.1 |
30.6 |
14.0 |
8.3 |
30.9 |
31.4 |
44.1 |
29.6* |
55.6 |
35.5 |
57.7 |
55.1* |
100 |
121.1 |
141.2 |
139.2*1) |
* Statistically significant different to the control
1) Value was set to 100 for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
Table 3: Percentage inhibition of yield
Concentration [mg/L] |
% Inhibition of yield |
||
0 h – 24 h |
0 h – 48 h |
0 h – 72 h |
|
Control |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.53 |
11.9 |
-1.2 |
2.6 |
17.1 |
41.7 |
32.0 |
29.8 |
30.9 |
40.5 |
65.0 |
65.0* |
55.6 |
44.0 |
78.1 |
85.5* |
100 |
108.3 |
106.6 |
101.3 *1) |
* Statistically significant different to the control
1) Value was set to 100 for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
Table 4: Main test: Individual cell numbers
Conc. |
Cell numbers [104/mL] |
Yield |
|||
[mg/L] |
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
0 h – 72 h |
0.58 |
1.81 |
7.15 |
39.81 |
39.23 |
|
0.60 |
1.66 |
7.39 |
36.55 |
35.95 |
|
Control |
0.52 |
1.29 |
4.50 |
20.00 |
19.48 |
0.52 |
1.29 |
5.54 |
29.58 |
29.06 |
|
0.52 |
1.28 |
3.85 |
24.64 |
24.12 |
|
|
0.44 |
0.86 |
4.00 |
19.78 |
19.34 |
Mean |
0.531) |
1.37 |
5.41 |
28.39 |
27.86 |
|
0.53 |
1.29 |
5.80 |
32.46 |
31.93 |
9.53 |
0.53 |
1.11 |
5.20 |
24.18 |
23.65 |
|
0.53 |
1.41 |
5.41 |
26.35 |
25.82 |
Mean |
0.53 |
1.27 |
5.47 |
27.66 |
27.13 |
|
0.53 |
1.14 |
4.60 |
24.25 |
23.72 |
17.1 |
0.53 |
0.82 |
3.15 |
16.23 |
15.70 |
|
0.53 |
1.09 |
3.80 |
19.77 |
19.24 |
Mean |
0.53 |
1.02 |
3.85 |
20.08 |
19.55 |
|
0.53 |
1.33 |
4.11 |
19.54 |
19.01 |
30.9 |
0.53 |
1.07 |
1.42 |
5.87 |
5.34 |
|
0.53 |
0.70 |
1.19 |
5.45 |
4.92 |
Mean |
0.53 |
1.03 |
2.24 |
10.29 |
9.76 |
|
0.53 |
1.37 |
2.30 |
7.83 |
7.30 |
55.6 |
0.53 |
0.97 |
1.85 |
5.08 |
4.55 |
|
0.53 |
0.67 |
0.64 |
0.76 |
0.23 |
Mean |
0.53 |
1.00 |
1.60 |
4.56 |
4.03 |
|
0.53 |
0.33 |
0.22 |
0.03 |
-0.50 |
100 |
0.53 |
0.37 |
0.19 |
0.24 |
-0.29 |
|
0.53 |
0.68 |
0.21 |
0.20 |
-0.33 |
Mean |
0.53 |
0.46 |
0.21 |
0.16 |
-0.37 |
1) The mean cell density of all control replicates is used as initial cell density for all treatment
groups
Table 5: Validity criteria
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
The biomass in the control cultures should have increased exponentially by a factor of at least 16 within the 72-hour test period. |
factor of 53.57 |
yes |
The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3, for 72-hour tests) in the control cultures must not exceed 35% |
30% |
yes |
The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures must not exceed 7% in tests with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus. For other less frequently tested species, the value should not exceed 10%. |
5.4%; did not exceed 7% for the whole test period |
yes |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- For further details please refer to “Any other information on results incl. tables”.
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