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EC number: 247-092-0 | CAS number: 25549-16-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016-07-15 till 2017-03-15
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Concentration control analyses were not performed, because a sufficiently sensitive method to determine the test substance in test water up to its saturation limit was not available.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Concentration control analyses were not performed.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- No 440/2008
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Concentration control analyses were not performed.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method:The test substance is a mixture of sparingly water soluble components. Therefore the test solutions were prepared separately for each test concentration following general guidance provided in OECD 23 in order to achieve a water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance using a liquid-liquid saturator technique [Ref. 6, 11]. For each test solution, a glass aspirator bottle (approx. 2 L) with a bottom side-outlet attached to a stopcock was filled with 2 L test media. Then test substance (considering density = 0.8166 g/cm³) was pipetted carefully on the water surface. The bottle was closed and the solution was stirred on a magnetic plate for about 3 days. Undissolved test substance was observed at the water surface as oily drops and the aqueous phase of the stock solution was clear. The required volume of the WAF (approx. 1 L per test solution) was removed from the bottom port. The exposure was started after separation of the undissolved material. The test vessels were conditioned with the test solution for approx. 24-h prior initiating exposure. The exposure was started after separation of the undissolved material by adding inoculum culture at a ratio of 1:100. The test solution after addition of algal inoculum is considered equivalent to the nominal concentration since no more than 1% dilution occurs.
- Controls: The control was treated in the same way as the test substance.
- Evidence of undissolved material: no - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum, and currently renamed as Raphidocelis subcapitata KORSHIKOV
- Strain: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata KORSHIKOV (SAG 61.81)
- Source: SAG (Collection of algal cultures in Göttingen, Germany)
- Age of inoculum: A stock algal culture is maintained continuously at the test facility. Before the exposure an inoculum culture is prepared from the stock culture and incubated for 4 days at 21 – 24 °C (max. temperature difference 2 °C). After this time, the
inoculum culture is in exponential growth phase and can be used to initiate the test (study day 0).
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 4 days
- Culturing media and conditions: same as test conditions
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- no
- Test temperature:
- 23.3 - 23.5 °C
- pH:
- 7.9 - 8.2
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1 - 3.2 - 10 - 3.2 - 100 mg/L nominal concentrations based on test substance density without correction for purity
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks (nominal volume 250 mL) plugged with gas permeable silicone sponge caps
- Fill volume: 100 mL
- Initial cells density: 0.5 x 10000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 55.7 x 10000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration: 3 replicates
- No. of vessels per control: 6 replicates
- No. of vessels per background fluorescence correction: 1 replicate
- Test chamber: Vötsch Industrietechnik GmbH Bioline (VB1014) controlled climate cabinet
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM PARAMETERS
- Preparation of dilution water: according to OECD Guidline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 201 Algal growth inhibition test, Mar 2006, Annex 3
- pH: 8.1
- Sterilization: after preparation
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: permanent, type universal white (OSRAM L 25)
- Light intensity and quality: Average 6790 lux (within ± 15% variability) at a wave length of 400 - 700 nm
- Shaking rate: Continuous (approx. 85 rpm)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell density: counted under a microscope (Neubauer-counting chamber)
- Chlorophyll measurement: Tecan Infinite 200Pro fluorometer
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2
- range finding test: The results of the 72 hour range finding test were:
EfluorescenceC50 = between 1 and 10 mg/L (4 mg/L estimated)
ErC50 = between 10 and 100 mg/L (16 mg/L estimated) - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.71 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.96 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.16 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.53 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Details on results:
- - Observation of abnormalities: no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Colour differences: no
- Flocculation: no
- Adherence to test vessels: no
- Aggregation of algal cells: no
- Other: After 72 h at the concentrations above 10 mg/L no algal cells were observed, at 3.2 mg/L a low cell density was observed.
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: yes, at concentrations of 32 and 100 mg/L the mean growth rate at 72 h was -0.22 and -0.35 respectively relative to the control. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: yes
- EC50: 1.14 mg/L, Tested 2016-07-04 - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity of the test substance to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 (2011) and Council Regulation (EC) No 761/2009 C.3 at the test facility. After 72 hours the NOEC was determined to <1 mg/L, the ErC10 was determined to be 0.96 mg/L and the ErC50 was determined to be 2.71 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test substance to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008/Method C.3 with the definitive exposure phase from 2016-07-22 to 2016-07-25 at BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. The aim of the study was to determine the NOEC, LOEC and ECx-values of growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 0.5 x 10000 cells/mL. Five concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 3.2 (nominal): 1.00 - 3.2 - 10.0 - 32 - 100 mg/L. Three replicates for each test item concentration and six replicates for the control were used. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
Concentration control analyses were not performed, because a sufficiently sensitive method to determine the test substance in test water up to its saturation limit was not available.
After 72 hours the NOEC based on growth rate was determined to be <1 mg/L, the ErC10 was determined to be 0.96 mg/L and the ErC50 was determined to be 2.71 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1: Cell density after 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h
The measured fluorescence was corrected by the fluorescence of the test substance and converted into cell densities (cells x 10000/mL) by the following correlation:
cell density (cells x 10000/mL) = fluorescence (relative units) - fluorescence not inoculated sample / slope
slope = 946.89
The linear correlation was obtained from a calibration curve (cell density versus fluorescence).
time(h) |
flask No. |
nominal concentration [mg/L] |
|||||
0 (control) |
1 |
3.2 |
10 |
32 |
100 |
||
0 |
1 |
0.445 |
0.436 |
0.439 |
0.431 |
0.402 |
0.373 |
2 |
0.377 |
0.441 |
0.402 |
0.407 |
0.420 |
0.423 |
|
3 |
0.470 |
0.373 |
0.404 |
0.455 |
0.391 |
0.409 |
|
4 |
0.398 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
0.448 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
0.455 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mean |
0.432 |
0.417 |
0.415 |
0.431 |
0.404 |
0.402 |
|
24 |
1 |
1.94 |
2.24 |
1.27 |
0.933 |
0.248 |
0.167 |
2 |
1.90 |
2.04 |
1.41 |
0.796 |
0.319 |
0.129 |
|
3 |
2.15 |
2.05 |
1.57 |
0.949 |
0.387 |
0.127 |
|
4 |
2.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
2.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
2.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mean |
2.17 |
2.11 |
1.42 |
0.893 |
0.318 |
0.141 |
|
48 |
1 |
10.6 |
8.00 |
1.53 |
0.381 |
0.152 |
0.039 |
2 |
8.67 |
8.59 |
1.90 |
0.696 |
0.098 |
0.048 |
|
3 |
11.6 |
9.36 |
1.85 |
0.628 |
0.152 |
0.045 |
|
4 |
10.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
9.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
12.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mean |
10.6 |
8.6 |
1.76 |
0.569 |
0.134 |
0.044 |
|
72 |
1 |
53.5 |
29.4 |
2.36 |
0.609 |
0.200 |
0.131 |
2 |
43.7 |
39.3 |
3.61 |
0.563 |
0.227 |
0.156 |
|
3 |
47.9 |
31.5 |
3.03 |
0.715 |
0.204 |
0.133 |
|
4 |
46.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
69.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
72.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mean |
55.7 |
33.4 |
3.00 |
0.629 |
0.210 |
0.140 |
negative calculated growth rates are represented as 0.000
mean = mean value
Tabel 2: Mean specific growth rate and Yield in Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as dependent on concentration of the test
item and time; Mean: arithmetic mean
Treatment [mg/L] |
Replicate No. |
|
Inhibition of growth rate [%] |
Yield [cells/mL] |
Inhibition of yield [%] |
|
100 |
1 |
-0.349 |
100.00 |
-0.242 |
100.00 |
|
2 |
-0.332 |
100.00 |
-0.267 |
100.00 |
||
3 |
-0.374 |
100.00 |
-0.276 |
100.00 |
||
Mean |
-0.352 |
|
-0.262 |
|
||
32 |
1 |
-0.234 |
100.00 |
-0.203 |
100.00 |
|
2 |
-0.205 |
100.00 |
-0.193 |
100.00 |
||
3 |
-0.217 |
100.00 |
-0.187 |
100.00 |
||
Mean |
-0.219 |
|
-0.194 |
|
||
10 |
1 |
0.116 |
92.84 |
0.178 |
99.68 |
|
2 |
0.108 |
93.28 |
0.156 |
99.72 |
||
3 |
0.151 |
90.67 |
0.260 |
99.53 |
||
Mean |
0.125 |
|
0.198 |
|
||
3.2 |
1 |
0.561 |
65.26 |
1.923 |
96.52 |
|
2 |
0.732 |
54.66 |
3.213 |
94.19 |
||
3 |
0.671 |
58.42 |
2.625 |
95.25 |
||
Mean |
0.655 |
|
2.587 |
|
||
1 |
1 |
1.403 |
13.05 |
28.954 |
47.64 |
|
2 |
1.496 |
7.30 |
38.863 |
29.72 |
||
3 |
1.479 |
8.38 |
31.129 |
43.71 |
||
Mean |
1.460 |
|
32.982 |
|
||
Control |
1 |
1.597 |
|
53.096 |
|
|
2 |
1.584 |
|
43.279 |
|
||
3 |
1.542 |
|
47.444 |
|
||
4 |
1.587 |
|
46.193 |
|
||
5 |
1.683 |
|
69.350 |
|
||
6 |
1.692 |
|
72.446 |
|
||
Mean |
1.614 |
|
55.301 |
|
Description of key information
Key Study:
The toxicity of the test substance to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 (2011) and Council Regulation (EC) No 761/2009 C.3 at the test facility. After 72 hours the NOEC was determined to <1 mg/L, the ErC10 was determined to be 0.96 mg/L and the ErC50 was determined to be 2.71 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 2.71 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.96 mg/L
Additional information
Key Study:
The toxicity of the test substance to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008/Method C.3 with the definitive exposure phase from 2016-07-22 to 2016-07-25 at BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. The aim of the study was to determine the NOEC, LOEC and ECx-values of growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 0.5 x 10000 cells/mL. Five concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 3.2 (nominal): 1.00 - 3.2 - 10.0 - 32 - 100 mg/L. Three replicates for each test item concentration and six replicates for the control were used. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
Concentration control analyses were not performed, because a sufficiently sensitive method to determine the test substance in test water up to its saturation limit was not available.
After 72 hours the NOEC based on growth rate was determined to be <1 mg/L, the ErC10 was determined to be 0.96 mg/L and the ErC50 was determined to be 2.71 mg/L.
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