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EC number: 240-465-9 | CAS number: 16415-13-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Method for Testing the Biodegradability of Chemicals Substances by microorganisms, Japan
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: On-site sludge sampling was carried out at the following 10 locations in Japan; sampling date was in June 1993; city sewage was sampled in return sludge from sewage plants and from lakes, rivers and sea surface water and soil was collected if was in contact with atmosphere
Fushikogawa city sewage plant (Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido)
Fukashiba industrial sewage plant (Kashima-gun, Ibaraki)
Nakahama city sewage plant (Osaka-shi, Osaka)
Ochiai city sewage plant (Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo)
Kitakami River (Ishinomaki-shi, Miyagi)
Shinano River (Niigata-shi, Niigata)
Yoshino River (Tokushima-shi, Tokushima)
Lake Biwa (Otsu-shi, Shiga)
Hiroshima Bay (Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima)
Dookai Bay (Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka)
- Preparation of inoculum: Activated sludge was prepared as follows to maintain its uniformity. The filtrate (5L) of the supernatant of the activated sludge, in use as present was mixed with 500mL of the filtrate of the supernatant of a newly collected sludge and the mixture was cultered at 7.0±1.0 under the suffucient aeration.
- Concentration of sludge: 4000 mg/L
- Method of cultivation: About 30 minutes after ceasing aeration of the sludge mixture, supernatant corresponding to about 1/3 of the whole volume was removed. Dichlorinated water was added to the remaining portion so that the total volume reached 10L. This mixture was aerated, and then a predetermined amount of synthetic sewage was 0.1 wt% in the volume of dichlorinated water added. This procedure was repeated once every day. Cultivation was carried out at 25±2 °C.
- composition of synthetic sewage: glucose, peptone and monopotassium phosphate were dissolved in dechlorinated water. each concentration was 5 (W/V)% and the solution was adjusted to pH 7.0±1.0 with sodium hydroxide.
- Control and use of sludge: During cultivation, the appearance of the supernatant, setting of the sludge, formation of flock of flock, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration in the solution and temperature were checked and necessary adjustments were made. Microflora in the activated sludge was microscopically observed and the sludge with the no abnormal symptoms was used for the test. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Each 3 mL of solutions A, B, C and D, which are prescribed in JIS K 0102-1986-21, was made up to 1000 mL with purified water (Takasugi Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), and then the pH of this solution was adjusted to 7.0.
- Test temperature: 25 ± 1 °C
- pH adjusted: yes
- Suspended solids concentration: 30 mg/L
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Closed system oxygen consumption measuring apparatus (coulometer: Ohkura Electric Co., Ltd.); data processor (data sampler: Asahi Instrument Industries Co., Ltd.)
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 3
- Measuring equipment: pH meter (Toa Electronics Ltd. type HM-50S); Electric reading balance (Satorius type 2007 MP6)
- Test performed in open system: no
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes
- Abiotic sterile control: yes
- Other: control blank
STATISTICAL METHODS: - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Parameter:
- other: BOD
- Value:
- 43
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- other: HPLC
- Value:
- 74
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- It was considered that the difference between the two values might be explained in terms of the decrease of the substance due to a physical-chemical mechanism or an adsorption to the sludge. Therefore, in order to confirm whether the test substance was adsorbed to the sludge or not, a separate experiment was carried out. Various amount of sludge was added to vessels containing the test substance and the basal culture medium, and the vessels were stirred for 24 hours. Determination of the test substance concentration in the solutions did not reveal any adsorption to the sludge.
- Results with reference substance:
- The percentage of aniline (calculated from the BOD values) was 70% and 79% on the 7th and 14th day, respectively. It was concluded that the conditions were valid.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- It was concluded that the test substance for the greater part was split into ethanol and a silanol, that the ethanol was completely degraded by microorganisms, and that the test substance as well as the silanol was partially degraded by microoganisms. A complete degradation, however, was not reached under the present test conditions.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening test, other
- Remarks:
- enhanced ready biodegradability test (60 d)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 13 Apr - 13 Jun 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 60 days duration
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Staatliches Gewerbeaufsichtsamt Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: municipal sewage treatment plant, Hildesheim, Germany
-Pretreatment: activated sludge was washed twice with chlorine free tap water. Thereafter settled sludge was resuspended in mineral salts medium and was aerated for 2 h. Sludge was then homogenized with a blender. After sedimentation the supernatant was decanted and maintained in an aerobic condition by aeration with air for 5 d.
- Concentration of sludge: 10 mL/L were used to initiate inoculation
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: approx. 1.13 x 10^7 CFU/L in the final test solution - Duration of test (contact time):
- 60 d
- Initial conc.:
- 19 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 52.8 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD
- Initial conc.:
- 2.78 other: mg O2/mg
- Based on:
- ThOD
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: mineral salts medium according to OECD 301 F
- Test temperature: 20 - 21 °C
- pH: 7.60 - 7. 90
- pH adjusted: no
- Concentration of sludge: 10 mL/L were used to initiate inoculation
- Continuous darkness: yes
- Other: continuous stirring
TEST SYSTEM
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Measuring equipment: OxiTop® measuring heads, WTW Stirring platform, WTW
- Test performed in closed vessels: yes
- Details of trap for CO2: a rubber sleeve with soda lime was hung into the opening of the bottles to absorb evolved CO2
- Other: separate replicates of test item and toxicity control were prepared for measurement of pH at test start
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: 1080 measuring points during the 60 d incubation period
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum control: 2
- Inoculum control with silicone oil: 2 (500 µL silicone oil were pipetted directly into the inoculated test medium)
- Toxicity control: 1
- Functional control: 1
STATISTICAL METHODS: Excel, MICROSOFT CORPORATION, SigmaPlot, SPSS CORPORATION
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Remarks:
- 45 mg/L
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 57
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 65
- Sampling time:
- 60 d
- Details on results:
- - Reference substance: 100% degradation after 23 d (pass level of > 60% was reached after 3 d)
- Toxicity control: 75% degradation after 28 d (82% degradation after 60 d) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- For further details please refer to “Any other information on results incl. tables”.
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- A biodegradation study according to OECD 301F resulted in a biodegradation of 57% after 28 d and 65% after 60 d.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening test, other
- Remarks:
- enhanced ready biodegradability test (60 d)
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to the attached justification below and the overall justification for grouping of substances attached in IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 57
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 65
- Sampling time:
- 60 d
- Details on results:
- - Reference substance: 100% degradation after 23 d (pass level of > 60% was reached after 3 d)
- Toxicity control: 75% degradation after 28 d (82% degradation after 60 d) - Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- A biodegradation study according to OECD 301F resulted in a biodegradation of 57% after 28 d and 65% after 60 d.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Appearances of the test solutions |
||
|
Solution |
Appearance |
At the initiation of culturing |
Water + test substance |
Test substance was not dissolved. |
Sludge + test substance |
Test substance was not dissolved. |
|
At the termination of culturing |
Water + test substance |
Test solution was white cloudy. |
Sludge + test substance |
Test solution was white cloudy and growth of the sludge was observed. |
Table 2: The percentage biodegradation after 28 days. |
||||
Method |
Percentage biodegradation |
|||
Vessel 1 |
Vessel 2 |
Vessel 3 |
Average |
|
BOD |
53 |
47 |
29 |
43 |
HPLC |
93 |
82 |
46 |
74 |
VALIDITY CRITERIA:
Table 1: Validity criteria
Criterionfrom the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
Difference of extremes of replicate values of the removal of the test chemical at the plateau, at the end of the test or at the end of the 10-d window, as appropriate, is less than 20%. |
6% difference on day 28 and 13% on day 60 |
yes |
Percentage degradation of the reference compound has reached the pass levels by day 14. |
60% after 3 d |
yes |
The oxygen uptake of the inoculum blank is normally 20-30 mg O2/L and should not be greater than 60 mg/L in 28 days. |
mean oxygen depletion in the inoculum control was 8 mg O2/L on day 28 and 10.8 mg O2/L on day 60 |
yes
|
RESULTS:
Both test item replicates reached the 10% biodegradation level on day 4. The 60% pass level was reached by the mean of replicates on day 39. The mean biodegradation on day 60 was 65%.
Table 2: % biodegradation over time.
[d] | Functional Control | Biodegradation [%] | Toxicity Control | |
Test item | ||||
1 | 2 | |||
1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
2 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 31 |
3 | 62 | 3 | 1 | 37 |
4 | 73 | 16 | 14 | 43 |
5 | 79 | 26 | 25 | 48 |
6 | 82 | 31 | 29 | 52 |
7 | 84 | 35 | 34 | 55 |
8 | 86 | 38 | 35 | 58 |
9 | 88 | 40 | 38 | 61 |
10 | 89 | 42 | 40 | 62 |
11 | 90 | 42 | 42 | 63 |
12 | 91 | 44 | 42 | 64 |
13 | 93 | 45 | 44 | 65 |
14 | 93 | 46 | 44 | 66 |
15 | 94 | 47 | 45 | 67 |
16 | 96 | 48 | 46 | 68 |
17 | 97 | 49 | 48 | 69 |
18 | 98 | 51 | 49 | 70 |
19 | 98 | 52 | 50 | 70 |
20 | 99 | 52 | 50 | 71 |
21 | 98 | 52 | 50 | 71 |
22 | 99 | 52 | 52 | 72 |
23 | 100 | 53 | 52 | 72 |
24 | 100 | 54 | 52 | 73 |
25 | 100 | 54 | 52 | 74 |
26 | 100 | 56 | 53 | 74 |
27 | 100 | 60 | 53 | 74 |
28 | 100 | 60 | 54 | 75 |
29 | 100 | 64 | 53 | 75 |
30 | 100 | 64 | 53 | 76 |
31 | 100 | 63 | 52 | 75 |
32 | 100 | 63 | 53 | 76 |
33 | 100 | 64 | 53 | 77 |
34 | 100 | 64 | 52 | 77 |
35 | 100 | 64 | 52 | 77 |
36 | 100 | 65 | 54 | 77 |
37 | 100 | 65 | 54 | 78 |
38 | 100 | 65 | 54 | 78 |
39 | 100 | 66 | 54 | 78 |
40 | 100 | 66 | 53 | 79 |
41 | 100 | 66 | 54 | 79 |
42 | 100 | 67 | 54 | 79 |
43 | 100 | 67 | 53 | 79 |
44 | 100 | 66 | 53 | 79 |
45 | 100 | 67 | 54 | 80 |
46 | 100 | 68 | 53 | 80 |
47 | 100 | 68 | 54 | 80 |
48 | 100 | 68 | 55 | 80 |
49 | 100 | 68 | 55 | 80 |
50 | 100 | 68 | 55 | 81 |
51 | 100 | 68 | 55 | 80 |
52 | 100 | 69 | 54 | 81 |
53 | 100 | 70 | 54 | 81 |
54 | 100 | 70 | 54 | 81 |
55 | 100 | 70 | 54 | 81 |
56 | 100 | 70 | 54 | 81 |
57 | 100 | 69 | 55 | 81 |
58 | 100 | 70 | 57 | 81 |
59 | 100 | 70 | 58 | 81 |
60 | 100 | 71 | 58 | 82 |
Description of key information
Triethoxy(hexadecyl)silane (CAS 16415-13-7) is inherently biodegradable (57% after 28 d and 65% after 60 d, OECD 301F) based on read across from CAS 18643-08-8.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- inherently biodegradable
Additional information
One experimental study with triethoxy(hexadecyl)silane (CAS 16415-13-7) is available. The study was performed according to OECD 301 C (GLP). A mixture of activated sludge and samples from different natural locations (e.g. lakes, rivers) was used as inoculum. The test item was degraded to 43% (BOD analysis) and 74% (HPLC analysis). Based on the hydrolytic half-life of 58.4 h at pH7 the substance is expected to hydrolyse within the timescale of a ready biodegradation study. During hydrolysis ethanol and hexadecylsilanetriol are formed. It is expected that ethanol was completely degraded by microorganisms, and that the silanol hydrolysis product was partially degraded by microorganisms. A complete degradation, however, was not reached under the present test conditions.
In order to verify if the substance is at least inherently biodegradable and thus not persistent in the environment a read-across to the suitable source substance chloro(dimethyl)octadecylsilane (CAS 18643-08-8) has been applied to support the environmental hazard assessment of the substance. This read-across is in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XI, 1.5 “Grouping of substances and read across” and in accordance with the read across assessment framework (RAAF, ECHA 2017). Details on the read across justification can be found in the attached justification in the respective target entry and in the overall justification for grouping of substances attached in IUCLID Section 13.
The available study investigating the biodegradation of the analogue substance chloro(dimethyl)octadecylsilane (CAS 18643-08-8) was conducted according to OECD guidance 301F and GLP conditions. The inoculum (non-adapted activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant) was exposed for 60 days to 19 mg/L test substance and biodegradation was calculated based on CO2 evolution. The substance was degraded to 57% after 28 d and 65% after 60 d. Therefore, the read across substance is considered as inherently biodegradable.
Based on the result of the analogue substance, triethoxy(hexadecyl)silane (CAS 16415-13-7) is assumed to be inherently biodegradable.
[Type of water: freshwater]
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