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EC number: 220-678-3 | CAS number: 2861-02-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016-12-21 - 2017-02-28
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- According to OECD and GLP
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Disodium 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2,6-disulphonate
- EC Number:
- 220-678-3
- EC Name:
- Disodium 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2,6-disulphonate
- Cas Number:
- 2861-02-1
- Molecular formula:
- C14H10N2O10S2.2Na
- IUPAC Name:
- disodium 4,8-diamino-1,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2,6-disulfonate
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Theoretical Oxygen Demand:
ThODNH4: 0.877 mg oxygen per mg test item
ThODNO3: 1.147 mg oxygen per mg test item
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Aerobic activated sludge, microorganisms from a domestic waste water treatment plant was supplied by the sewage treatment plant Rossdorf, Germany.
The aerobic activated sludge used for this study was washed by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. The solid material was re-suspended in tap water and centrifuged again. This procedure was done three times. An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined. Based on this ratio, calculated aliquots of washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 3.5 g dry material per litre were mixed with test water and aerated overnight. This suspension was used for the experiment. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- The test item was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a manometric respirometry test over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control.
This study is recognized by the OECD and EEC guide-lines and should provide a rational basis to assess the ready biodegradation properties of the test item when incubated with activated sludge.
Test Units
Type and Size: Manometric Test System with test flasks containing a volume of approximately 500 mL.
Apparatus: BSB/BOD-Sensor-System, Aqualytic Dortmund, Germany
Principle: The test flasks prepared according paragraph 6.6 were incubated at 22°C * 1°C. The pressure decrease in the reaction vessels was measured over complete experimental phase of 28 days using the BSB/BOD-Sensor-System, Aqualytic Dortmund, Germany. The test flasks were closed gas-tight by a measuring head. Potassium hydroxide solution (45%) was used for trapping the produced carbon dioxide. The amount of O2 consumed by the activated sludge was calculated from the decrease of pressure in the reaction vessel.
Preparation of Test Flasks: The amounts of test item and reference item were directly weighed into the test flasks. No emulsifiers or solvents were used.
Incubation: The closed test flasks were incubated in a climatised chamber under continuous stirring. The consumption of oxygen was determined by measuring the change of pressure in the flasks. Evolved carbon dioxide was absorbed in an aqueous solution (45%) of potassium hydroxide.
Test Duration: 28 days
Measurement of Oxygen: The change of pressure in the test flasks was measured by means of a manometric method (BSB/BOD-Sensor-System, Aqualytic Dortmund, Germany) each day.
Temperature: The temperature was recorded by means of the automated software AMR Wincontrol©.
pH-Value: pH-values were measured in procedure control, a separately prepared test flask with test item (to prevent loss of test item in the test flasks) and a separately prepared test flask without test item (control) at test start and in all flasks at the end of the test, except in the abiotic and toxicity control, using a pH-electrode WTW pH 340i.
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
Results and discussion
- Test performance:
- Percentage Biodegradation: The criterion for ready biodegradability under the conditions of a manometric respirometry test is the 10-day window, describing the period between reaching at least 10% degradation and 60% degradation. This period should not exceed 10 days.
The mean biodegradation from day 1 till the test end at day 28 was 0% (THODNH4, ThODNO3).
The degradation rate of the test item did not reach 60% within the 10-day window and after 28 days.
Therefore, the test item is considered to be not readily biodegradable.
% Degradation
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 2
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- not readily biodegradable based on QSAR/QSPR prediction
- Details on results:
- Percentage Biodegradation: Nitrogen is part of the molecular structure of the test item; therefore nitrification (ThODNO3) was considered for the evaluation of results.
The degradation of the test item did never reach 10% degradation; the criterion of the 10 day window was not passed. The mean biodegradation percentage at the end of the 28-day exposure period was 2%.
If no nitrification is considered, the mean biodegradation was 3% after 28 days of incubation. The criterion of the 10 day window was not fulfilled.
Conclusion: the test item is considered to be not readily biodegradable.
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- Percentage Biodegradation: The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 85% after 14 days and to 90% after 28 days of incubation.
Conclusion: The percentage biodegradation of the reference item confirms the suitability of the used aerobic activated sludge inoculum.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Cumulative Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg O2/L) in Test Flasks during the Test Period of 28 Days
Time |
Flask No. |
|||||||
(days) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
45 |
0 |
50 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
70 |
0 |
75 |
|
3 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
95 |
0 |
90 |
|
4 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
120 |
0 |
115 |
|
5 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
120 |
0 |
125 |
|
6 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
130 |
0 |
130 |
|
7 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
135 |
0 |
135 |
|
8 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
140 |
0 |
135 |
|
9 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
145 |
0 |
140 |
|
10 |
5 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
150 |
0 |
140 |
|
11 |
5 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
150 |
0 |
145 |
|
12 |
5 |
0 |
10 |
5 |
150 |
0 |
145 |
|
13 |
5 |
5 |
15 |
5 |
155 |
0 |
150 |
|
14 |
5 |
5 |
15 |
5 |
155 |
0 |
150 |
|
15 |
10 |
5 |
15 |
5 |
160 |
0 |
150 |
|
16 |
10 |
5 |
15 |
5 |
160 |
0 |
150 |
|
17 |
10 |
5 |
15 |
5 |
160 |
0 |
155 |
|
18 |
10 |
5 |
20 |
5 |
160 |
0 |
155 |
|
19 |
10 |
5 |
20 |
5 |
160 |
0 |
155 |
|
20 |
15 |
5 |
20 |
5 |
165 |
0 |
155 |
|
21 |
15 |
5 |
20 |
5 |
165 |
0 |
160 |
|
22 |
15 |
5 |
20 |
5 |
165 |
0 |
160 |
|
23 |
15 |
5 |
25 |
5 |
165 |
0 |
160 |
|
24 |
20 |
5 |
25 |
5 |
165 |
0 |
165 |
|
25 |
20 |
5 |
25 |
5 |
165 |
0 |
165 |
|
26 |
20 |
5 |
25 |
5 |
165 |
0 |
165 |
|
27 |
20 |
5 |
25 |
5 |
170 |
0 |
165 |
|
28 |
20 |
5 |
25 |
5 |
170 |
0 |
165 |
|
Flasks 1 and 2: test item
Flasks 3 and 4: inoculum control
Flask 5:reference(procedure control)
Flask 6: abiotic control
Flask 7: toxicity control
Percentage Biodegradation of Test Item, of Sodium Benzoate and of the Toxicity Control based on ThODNH4
Time |
Percentage Biodegradation1 |
|||
(Days) |
test item1 |
Sodium Benzoate2 |
Toxicity |
|
|
Flask 1 [%] |
Flask 2 [%] |
Flask 5 [%] |
Flask 7 [%] |
1 |
0 |
0 |
26 |
19 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
39 |
28 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
51 |
31 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
41 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
45 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
71 |
47 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
74 |
49 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
77 |
49 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
80 |
51 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
51 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
52 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
52 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
85 |
53 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
85 |
53 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
53 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
53 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
55 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
86 |
54 |
19 |
0 |
0 |
86 |
54 |
20 |
3 |
0 |
89 |
54 |
21 |
3 |
0 |
89 |
56 |
22 |
3 |
0 |
89 |
56 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
55 |
24 |
5 |
0 |
88 |
57 |
25 |
5 |
0 |
88 |
57 |
26 |
5 |
0 |
88 |
57 |
27 |
5 |
0 |
90 |
57 |
28 |
5 |
0 |
90 |
57 |
1ThODNH4of
test item: 0.877 mg O2/mg test item
2ThODNH4of
sodium benzoate: 1.666 mg O2/mg reference item
Time |
Percentage Biodegradation1 |
|||
(Days) |
test item1 |
Sodium Benzoate2 |
Toxicity |
|
|
Flask 1 [%] |
Flask 2 [%] |
Flask 5 [%] |
Flask 7 [%] |
1 |
0 |
0 |
26 |
19 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
39 |
28 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
51 |
31 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
41 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
45 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
71 |
47 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
74 |
49 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
77 |
49 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
80 |
51 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
51 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
52 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
52 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
85 |
53 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
85 |
53 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
53 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
53 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
55 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
86 |
54 |
19 |
0 |
0 |
86 |
54 |
20 |
3 |
0 |
89 |
54 |
21 |
3 |
0 |
89 |
56 |
22 |
3 |
0 |
89 |
56 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
55 |
24 |
5 |
0 |
88 |
57 |
25 |
5 |
0 |
88 |
57 |
26 |
5 |
0 |
88 |
57 |
27 |
5 |
0 |
90 |
57 |
28 |
5 |
0 |
90 |
57 |
Time |
1ThODNH4of test item: 0.877 mg O2/mg test item Percentage Biodegradation1 |
|||
(Days) |
test item1 |
Sodium Benzoate2 |
Toxicity |
|
|
Flask 1 [%] |
Flask 2 [%] |
Flask 5 [%] |
Flask 7 [%] |
1 |
0 |
0 |
26 |
19 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
39 |
28 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
51 |
31 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
41 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
45 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
71 |
47 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
74 |
49 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
77 |
49 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
80 |
51 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
51 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
52 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
52 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
85 |
53 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
85 |
53 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
53 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
53 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
55 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
86 |
54 |
19 |
0 |
0 |
86 |
54 |
20 |
3 |
0 |
89 |
54 |
21 |
3 |
0 |
89 |
56 |
22 |
3 |
0 |
89 |
56 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
55 |
24 |
5 |
0 |
88 |
57 |
25 |
5 |
0 |
88 |
57 |
26 |
5 |
0 |
88 |
57 |
27 |
5 |
0 |
90 |
57 |
28 |
5 |
0 |
90 |
57 |
1ThODNO3of
test item: 1.147 mg O2/mg test item
2ThODNH4of
sodium benzoate: 1.666 mg O2/mg reference item
Percentage Biodegradation of Test Item and of the Toxicity Control based on ThODNO3, and of Sodium Benzoate based on ThODNH4
Time |
Percentage Biodegradation1 |
|||
(Days) |
test item1 |
Sodium Benzoate2 |
Toxicity |
|
|
Flask 1 [%] |
Flask 2 [%] |
Flask 5 [%] |
Flask 7 [%] |
1 |
0 |
0 |
26 |
17 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
39 |
25 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
51 |
28 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
37 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
41 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
71 |
42 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
74 |
44 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
77 |
44 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
80 |
46 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
46 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
47 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
47 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
85 |
48 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
85 |
48 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
48 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
48 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
50 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
86 |
49 |
19 |
0 |
0 |
86 |
49 |
20 |
2 |
0 |
89 |
49 |
21 |
2 |
0 |
89 |
51 |
22 |
2 |
0 |
89 |
51 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
50 |
24 |
4 |
0 |
88 |
52 |
25 |
4 |
0 |
88 |
52 |
26 |
4 |
0 |
88 |
52 |
27 |
4 |
0 |
90 |
52 |
28 |
4 |
0 |
90 |
52 |
Time |
Percentage Biodegradation1 |
|||
(Days) |
test item1 |
Sodium Benzoate2 |
Toxicity |
|
|
Flask 1 [%] |
Flask 2 [%] |
Flask 5 [%] |
Flask 7 [%] |
1 |
0 |
0 |
26 |
17 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
39 |
25 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
51 |
28 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
37 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
66 |
41 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
71 |
42 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
74 |
44 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
77 |
44 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
80 |
46 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
46 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
47 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
47 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
85 |
48 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
85 |
48 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
48 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
48 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
50 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
86 |
49 |
19 |
0 |
0 |
86 |
49 |
20 |
2 |
0 |
89 |
49 |
21 |
2 |
0 |
89 |
51 |
22 |
2 |
0 |
89 |
51 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
88 |
50 |
24 |
4 |
0 |
88 |
52 |
25 |
4 |
0 |
88 |
52 |
26 |
4 |
0 |
88 |
52 |
27 |
4 |
0 |
90 |
52 |
28 |
4 |
0 |
90 |
52 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The degradation rate of the test item did not reach 60 % within the 10-day window and after 28 days.
Therefore, the test item is considered to be not readily biodegradable.
The percentage biodegradation of the reference item confirms the suitability of the used aerobic activated sludge inoculum.
According to the test guidelines the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory to the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was >25% within 14 days. - Executive summary:
Title:
Ready Biodegradability in a Manometric Respirometry Test
Guidelines:
This study was designed to comply with the following methods:
- Commission Regulation 440/2008/EC, Method C.4-D of: Manometric Respirometry Test (EEC Publication No. L 142/496, May 2008)
- OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 301 F: "Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test", adopted
Material and Methods:
Test Item:
Batch No.:19.05.2016g
Test Species:
Aerobic activated sludge (microorganisms from a domestic wastewater treatment plant) was supplied by the sewage treatment plant of Rossdorf,.
Test Design:
The test item was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a manometric respirometry test over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control.
Endpoints:
Degradation rate of test item calculated by the oxygen consumption of the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms after 28 days of incubation.
Test Item Loading Rate (initial concentration in medium C0):
104.1 mg/L corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 91.3 mg/L (ThODNH4) and 119.4 mg/L (ThODN03)
Reference Item:
Sodium Benzoate
Reference Item Loading Rate:
102.9 mg/L corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 171.4 mg/L (ThODNH4)
Test Conditions:
22°C ± 1°C, darkness
Results:
Biodegradation of the test item:
The test item contains nitrogen; therefore the evaluation of biodegradation has to be based on ThODNH4and ThODNO3. The criterion for ready biodegradability under the conditions of a manometric respirometry test is the 10-day window, describing the period between reaching at least 10% degradation and 60% degradation. This period should not exceed 10 days.
The test item did never reach 10% degradation during incubation time. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 3% (ThODNH4) and 2% (ThODNO3).
Therefore, the test item is considered to be not readily biodegradable based on ThODNH4/ ThODNO3.
Biodegradation of Sodium Benzoate:
The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 85% after 14 days and to 90% after 28 days of incubation, thus confirming the suitability of the aerobic activated sludge inoculum used.
Biodegradation of the Toxicity Control:
In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate, 53% (ThODNH4) biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 57% (ThODNH4) biodegradation after 28 days of incubation (48% and 52% based on ThODNO3). According to the test guidelines, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory to the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was >25% within 14 days.
This study is classified acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for ready biodegradability studies.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.