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EC number: 248-570-1 | CAS number: 27610-92-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- August 2019 - December 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- The study was performed in compliance with GLP.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 19 July 2006, study conducted with 6 terrestrial plant species
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- GLP Certificate: Statement of GLP Compliance from Staatliches Gewerbeaufsichtsamt Hildesheim, Germany, dated 03.01.2017
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil (if used): The respective test item amounts were weighed out on quartz sand (1 % of the entire soil amount per concentration) for each test item concentration and blended thoroughly. Afterwards, the test item - quartz sand mixture and an appropriate amount of demineralized water (adjusting to a moisture of 45 % of the MHWC) was added to the soil. Subsequently, the soil was mixed carefully with a mixer (2-3 min) to ensure a homogeneous distribution.
- Controls: untreated test substrate - Species:
- Avena sativa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: oat
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Variety: KWS Contender
- Source of seed: KWS Lochow GmbH, 29303 Bergen, Germany
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: none
- Historical germination of seed (germination of seed lot tested): see table #1 in section "Any other information on materials and method" below
- Seed storage: stored in the dark at the test facility at room temperature (22 ± 10 °C) and protected from moisture until use - Species:
- Allium cepa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: onion
- Plant family: Amaryllideaceae
- Variety: Exhibition
- Source of seed: Hild Samen GmbH, 71666 Marbach, Germany
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: none
- Historical germination of seed (germination of seed lot tested): see table #1 in section "Any other information on materials and method" below
- Seed storage: stored dark at the test facility at room temperature (22 ± 10 °C) and protected from moisture until use - Species:
- Beta vulgaris
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: sugar beet
- Plant family: Amaranthaceae
- Variety: Danicia KWS
- Source of seed: KWS Saat SE, 37574 Einbeck, Germany
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: none
- Historical germination of seed (germination of seed lot tested): see table #1 in section "Any other information on materials and method" below
- Seed storage: stored dark at the test facility at room temperature (22 ± 10 °C) and protected from moisture until use - Species:
- Brassica napus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: rape
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: Sherlock
- Source of seed: KWS Saat SE, 37574 Einbeck, Germany
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: none
- Historical germination of seed (germination of seed lot tested): see table #1 in section "Any other information on materials and method" below
- Seed storage: stored dark at the test facility at room temperature (22 ± 10 °C) and protected from moisture until use - Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: lettuce
- Plant family: Asteraceae
- Variety: Larissa
- Source of seed: Hild Samen GmbH, 71666 Marbach, Germany
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: none
- Historical germination of seed (germination of seed lot tested): see table #1 in section "Any other information on materials and method" below
- Seed storage: stored dark at the test facility at room temperature (22 ± 10 °C) and protected from moisture until use - Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: soybean
- Plant family: Fabaceae
- Variety: Obelix
- Source of seed: Delley Samen und Pflanzen AG, CH-1567 Delley, Switzerland
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: none
- Historical germination of seed (germination of seed lot tested): see table #1 in section "Any other information on materials and method" below
- Seed storage: stored dark at the test facility at room temperature (22 ± 10 °C) and protected from moisture until use - Test type:
- seedling emergence and seedling growth test
- Study type:
- extended laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Remarks:
- 28 d exposure for onion
- Test temperature:
- 15.7 - 24.5°C
- pH:
- 4.86 ± 0.08 / 5.63 ± 0.03 (pH values from two batches of soil)
- Moisture:
- 35.1 - 93.8%
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: Noack Laboratorien, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany
- Test container (type, material, size): non-porous plastic containers (standard flower pots) with a diameter of ca. 12 cm
- Amount of soil: 0.70 kg per replicate
- Method of seeding: seeding holes were made with a seedling pistil, one seed was given into each hole and covered with soil
- No. of seeds per container: 5 (3 for soybeans)
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 8
- No. of replicates per control: 8
- No. of replicates per vehicle control: not applicable
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Source: Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalt Speyer (LUFA), 67346 Speyer, Germany
- Sand (0.063 - 2 mm): 93.4 % / 84.2 %
- Silt (0.002 - 0.063 mm): 3.0 % / 8.8 %
- Clay (< 0.002 mm): 3.7 % / 7.0 %
- Organic carbon: 0.649 % / 1.83 %
- Soil taxonomic classification: loamy sand
- Soil classification system: DIN classification
- Composition: A 2:1 mixture of natural soil LUFA 2.2 (batch number: Sp2.22419 (1st Definitive Test) and Sp2.23419 (2nd and 3rd Defintive Test) and quartz sand (12a) was used
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weigth): 30.8 (exposure starting 2019-08-19) / 45.7 (exposure starting 2019-10-25) / 42.7 (exposure starting 2019-11-29)
- Pretreatment of soil: none
- Storage (condition, duration): not stated
- Source of quartz sand: Dörentrup Quarz GmbH Co. KG, 31089 Duingen, Germany
NUTRIENT MEDIUM
- Description: HAKAPHOS® SOFT SPEZIAL 16+8+22(+3) (Origin: Grünes Landhaus, 31139 Hildesheim, Germany)
GROWTH CONDITIONS
The test was conducted in a climatic chamber with conditions suitable for normal growth and reflecting typical environmental conditions for the species and varieties tested.
- Photoperiod: 16 h
- Light source: Special-fluorescent tube Fluora and Daylight (Osram)
- Light intensity and quality: 4713 ± 453 lx (factor to convert lux to µE/m2/s = 0.0135), cool white fluorescent tubes (special light sources for plants: they emit most of their light at the blue and red ends of the spectrum and are perfectly matching to that for photo-biological processes)
- Temperatures: 15.7 - 24.5°C
- Relative humidity (%): 35.1 - 93.8
- Watering regime and schedules: Bottom watering of the test containers with fertilized tap water as needed.
- Interval of applications: The control and test item treatments were applied once at the start of the exposure
- Method of application: The respective test item amounts were weighed out on quartz sand (1% of the entire soil amount per concentration) for each test item concentration and blended thoroughly. Afterwards, the test item - quartz sand mixture and an appropriate amount of demineralized water (adjusting to a moisture of 45 % of the MHWC) was added to the soil. Subsequently, the soil was mixed carefully with a mixer (2-3 min) to ensure a homogeneous distribution. The treated soil was transferred to the test containers and the seeds were sown (see seeding method).
- Fertilization: for watering a 0.05 ‰ solution of HAKAPHOS® SOFT SPEZIAL 16+8+22(+3) was used
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Observations: Number of emerged seedlings, number of dead plants and visual phytotoxic effects on days 7, 14 and 21, onion additionally on day 28. The rating of the treated plants was done in relation to the untreated control plants. Observations included all variations, either inhibitory or stimulatory, between the treated replicates and the untreated controls. Such variations may be phytotoxic symptoms (e.g. chlorosis, necrosis, wilting), effects of growth and development rates.
- Measurements: shoot heights (in cm), fresh weights of the shoots (in g) at the end of the exposure period after cutting the plants at the soil surface. The shoot height was measured per plant. Average mean values per replicate were calculated. The shoot fresh weight was determined for all plants from the same pot and considered as one replicate.
- Phytotoxicity rating system (if used):
a) Observation parameters:
(1) Deformation of leaves (curling / twisting / sticking / …)
(2) Shoot deformations (curling / bending / …)
(3) Stunted growth
(4) Necrosis
(5) Chlorosis
(6) Lighter green
(7) Darker green
(8) Loss of colour
(9) Discoloration of leaves
(10) Wilting
(E) Dead plant (Number of dead plants)
b) Assessment of effects:
- = no effects observed / normal growth
+/- = slight effects
+ = medium effects
++ = strong effects
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: factor 2 for oats, onion, lettuce, soybean; factor 2.5 for sugar beet, rape
- Range finding study: yes, performed under the same laboratory conditions as specified for the definitive study with 4 replicates per concentration and control, test duration was 21 days, at test end, shoot fresh weight and emergence were determined
- Test concentrations: 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg DW
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes, for details on results of range finding study, see below tables #2a and 2b in section "Any other information on material and methos incl. tables" - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations:
oats, onion, lettuce, soybean 1000 - 500 - 250 - 125 - 62.5 mg/kg DW
sugar beet, rape: 1000 - 400 - 160 - 64 - 25.6 - 10.24 mg/kg DW - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Remarks:
- No reference item is recommended for this test according to the test guideline (OECD 208).
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC25
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC25
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Species:
- Beta vulgaris
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC25
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC25
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC25
- Effect conc.:
- 125 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL
- Remarks:
- 207 - 267 mg/kg DW
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC25
- Effect conc.:
- 69.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL
- Remarks:
- < 62.5 - 100 mg/kg DW
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC25
- Effect conc.:
- 192 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot height
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL
- Remarks:
- 123 - > 250 mg/kg DW
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC25
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Key result
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 125 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Key result
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 125 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot height
- Key result
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 62.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot fresh weight
- Details on results:
- The toxicity of 2-butyloctanoic acid was determined in three independent tests. In the first test (exposure phase 2019-08-19 to 2019-09-09) the effect levels for sugar beet and rape were too high to determine NOEC values. In the repetition, second definitive test (exposure phase 2019-10-25 to 2019-11-15), the effect levels were too low to determine the EC50-value for sugar beet. Therefore, sugar beet was repeated in a third definitive test (exposure phase 2019-12-03 to 2019-12-20). The second definitive test was used for evaluation of effect levels for rape and the third definitive test was used for determination of effect levels for sugar beet.
The percentage of inhibition of shoot height, shoot fresh weight and rate of emergence of all tested species is given in table #3 in section "Any other information on results incl. tables" below. NOEC, LOEC, EC25 and EC50-values are summarized in tables #4-6 in section "Any other information on results incl. tables" below.
Emerged seedlings: For oats, sugar beet, rape, lettuce and soybean > 50 % of the control plants were emerged after 7 days. For onion the rate of emergence of the control plants reached > 50 % within 14 days. For onion the experimental phase was prolonged until 28 days.
Visual phytotoxicity:
1) Oat: No visual phytotoxicity or dead plants noticed on day 7. On day 14 in the highest test substance concentration (1000 mg/kg DW) slight effects of stunted growth were noted in all replicates. On test end at day 21, in 3 replicates the effect was described as medium, whereas in the other replicates the slight effect of stunted growth remained. In all other test substance concentrations no effects were observed and a normal growth was noted.
2) Onion: No visual phytotoxicity or dead plants noticed on day 7. On day 14, 1 replicate at 250 mg/kg DW showed slight loss of color. On day 21, 2 dead plants were counted: one replicate in the highest test concentration (1000 mg/kg DW) and one at 250 mg/kg DW (same replicate which showed loss of color before). At the end of the exposure period at day 28 the remaining replicates in the highest test substance concentration showed slight effects of stunted growth. All other plants showed normal growth and no effects were found.
3) Sugar beet: no effects noted on day 7. One dead plant in the highest test substance concentration (1000 mg/kg DW) on day 14 noted. On day 21, at the end of the test, slight stunted growth in one replicate at 1000 mg/kg DW were observed. All other replicates showed normal growth.
4) Rape: On day 7, 7 of 8 replicates of the 400 mg/kg DW test substance concentration showed stunted growth with slight effects. At 1000 mg/kg DW all replicates showed medium effects of stunted growth. Day 14: in test substance concentration of 400 mg/kg DW, no effects and normal growth was noted, at 1000 mg/kg DW only slight effects of stunted growth remained. On test end, at day 21 the stunted growth in the highest test substance concentration were described as medium in 5 replicates and strong in 3 replicates. No other phytotoxic effect or dead plant was noted neither in the control nor in all other test substance concentrations.
5) Lettuce: No effects or dead plants noted on days 7 and 14. On day 21 at the end of the test, in test substance concentrations of 125 mg/kg DW slight effects of stunted growth observed in 4 of 8 replicates. At 250 mg/kg DW, slight effects (stunted growth) in 5 replicates, medium effects in 2 replicates and strong effects of stunted growth in the remaining 2 replicates. In test substance concentration of 500 and 1000 mg/kg DW no seedlings emerged.
6) Soybean: No visual phytotoxicity or dead plants noted at days 7 and 14. On day 21, 1 dead plant in the control group and slightly stunted growth in all replicates of the highest test substance concentration (1000 mg/kg DW) observed.
Deviations from the study plan: For the 2nd definitive study the soil was moistened to 42 % of MWHC of the soil due to a typing mistake. Nevertheless, the used moisture still meets the requirements stated in the guideline. This deviation was considered to have no impact on quality and integrity of the study. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Percentage of inhibition: The percentage of inhibition of biomass growth (shoot height, shoot fresh weight) and rate of emergence were calculated in relation to the control. All dead plants were excluded from the calculation of shoot height and fresh weight (above-ground biomass).
NOEC / LOEC of biomass growth / emergence: One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out for the determination of statistically significant differences compared to control replicates. When running a One Way Analysis of Variance, a Normality test (Shapiro-Wilk) and an Equal Variance test (Brown-Forsythe) were done first. P-values for both, Normality and Equal Variance test, are 0.05. The alpha-value for ANOVA (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is alpha = 0.05. Failure of the normality test and / or the equal variance test can be caused by extremely homogeneous emergence and growth patterns as opposed to higher variances in other treatments. Due to the high and even number of replicates in the control and treatment groups, the failure had no influence on the robustness of the calculations.
EC-values and confidence intervals of biomass growth: ECx- values were calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression using GraphPadPrism. Four parameters were used for dose-response fitting. Calculation of the confidence intervals for EC-values was carried out using standard procedures provided by GraphPadPrism. EC-values and graphical analysis were determined for those plant species where effects ≥ 25 % occurred.
Software: Excel, Microsoft Corporation, SigmaPlot (Windows), SPSS Incorporation, GraphPadPrism, GraphPad Software, Inc. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The results of the control for all plant species met the required validity criteria. Therefore, the test is considered to be valid.
- Conclusions:
- VISUAL PHYTOTOXICITY:
In all test species visual phytotoxic effects of stunted growth were noticed, the most sensitive species being lettuce, in concentration of 125 mg/kg dw slight effects, in 250 mg/kg slight to strong effects were observed. In the other species, in the highest test substance concentration of 1000 mg/kg dw this effect was also described, ranging from slight to strong.
NUMBER OF EMERGED SEEDLINGS:
This endpoint was effected in species lettuce, no seedlings emerged at concentrations > 250 mg/kg dw, with NOEC being 125 mg/kg dw, and an EC25 of 241 mg/kg dw calculated for this endpoint (95% cl ranging from 207 - 267 mg/kg dw). In all other species the number of emerged seedlings were not effected up to the highest test substance concentration.
SHOOT HEIGHT:
It was most severly effected for species soybean and lettuce, the following values were derived:
Soybean: NOEC = 62.5 mg/kg dw, LOEC = 125 mg/kg dw, EC25 > 1000 mg/kg dw, EC50 > 1000 mg/kg dw
Lettuce: NOEC = 125 mg/kg dw, LOEC = 250 mg/kd dw, EC25 = 192 mg/kg dw (95% cl 123 - 250 mg/kg dw), EC50 > 250 mg/kg dw
SHOOT FRESH WEIGHT:
Species lettuce was the most sensitive species, the following values were calculated: NOEC = 62.5 mg/kg dw, LOEC = 125 mg/kg dw, EC 25 = 69.9 mg/kg dw (95% cl < 62.5 - 100 mg/kg dw), EC50 = 133 mg/kg dw (95% cl 91.5 - 196 mg/kg dw). - Executive summary:
The phytotoxicity of the test item to six terrestrial plant species was determined according to OECD 208 (July 2006) at the test facility in seedling emergence and seedling growth tests over a period of 21 days. For onion 50 % emergence of the control seedlings was reached after 14 days. Therefore, the test for onion was prolonged until day 28.
Test systems comprised two monocotyledon (oats, Poaceae; onion, Amaryllideaceae), and four dicotyledons (sugar beet, Amaranthaceae; rape, Brassicaceae; lettuce, Asteraceae; soybean, Fabaceae). The test was conducted with various test concentrations:
Oats, onion, lettuce, soybean: 1000 - 500 - 250 - 125 - 62.5 mg/kg DW (factor 2)
Sugar beet, rape: 1000 - 400 - 160 - 64 - 25.6 - 10.24 mg/kg DW (factor 2.5)
The test item was incorporated into the soil in which the seeds were sown. The test containers were bottom watered with nutrient solution as needed.
Potential toxic effects of the test item were assessed on day 7, 14 and 21 (onion additionally on day 28) by visual observations (number of emerged seedlings and phytotoxic effects) and at test end by shoot height and shoot fresh weight determination.
In all test species visual phytotoxic effects of stunted growth were noticed, the most sensitive species being lettuce, in concentration of 125 mg/kg dw slight effects, in 250 mg/kg slight to strong effects were observed. In the other species, in the highest test substance concentration of 1000 mg/kg dw this effect was also described, ranging from slight to strong.
The number of emerged seedlings was effected in species lettuce, no seedlings emerged at concentrations > 250 mg/kg dw, with NOEC being 125 mg/kg dw, and an EC25 of 241 mg/kg dw calculated for this endpoint (95% cl ranging from 207 - 267 mg/kg dw). In all other species the number of emerged seedlings were not effected up to the highest test substance concentration.
The shoot height was most severly effected for species soybean and lettuce, the following values were derived:
Soybean: NOEC = 62.5 mg/kg dw, LOEC = 125 mg/kg dw, EC25 > 1000 mg/kg dw, EC50 > 1000 mg/kg dw.
Lettuce: NOEC = 125 mg/kg dw, LOEC = 250 mg/kd dw, EC25 = 192 mg/kg dw (95% cl 123 - 250 mg/kg dw), EC50 > 250 mg/kg dw.
Species lettuce was the most sensitive species for shoot fresh weight, the following values were calculated: NOEC = 62.5 mg/kg dw, LOEC = 125 mg/kg dw, EC 25 = 69.9 mg/kg dw (95% cl < 62.5 - 100 mg/kg dw), EC50 = 133 mg/kg dw (95% cl 91.5 - 196 mg/kg dw).
Reference
Table #3: Percentage of Rate of Emergence, Inhibition of Shoot Height and Shoot Fresh Weight
Test concentration [mg/kg DW] |
Mean Emergence rate Day 7 [%] | Mean Emergence rate Day 14 [%] | Mean Emergence rate Day 21 (Day 28 for onion) [%] | Shoot Height at Test End Mean ± SD [cm] |
Shoot Fresh Weight at Test End Mean ± SD [mg] |
|
Oats | 0 (control) | 93 | 95 | 95 | 41.3 ± 1.4 | 1136 ± 115 |
62.5 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 41.0 ± 1.4 | 1155 ± 70 | |
125 | 95 | 100 | 100 | 39.9 ± 3.5 | 1116 ± 181 | |
250 | 90 | 93 | 93 | 41.4 ± 1.3 | 975 ± 94* | |
500 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 39.3 ± 1.7 | 800 ± 79* | |
1000 | 93 | 95 | 95 | 30.5 ± 5.3* | 463 ± 154* | |
Onion | 0 (control) | 0 | 100 | 100 | 17.0 ± 1.9 | 220 ± 44 |
62.5 | 0 | 98 | 98 | 16.9 ± 1.4 | 206 ± 19 | |
125 | 0 | 93 | 93 | 16.0 ± 1.9 | 196 ± 38 | |
205 | 0 | 93 | 93 | 16.5 ± 1.8 | 188 ± 35 | |
500 | 3 | 90 | 90 | 14.2 ± 1.6* | 160 ± 38* | |
1000 | 0 | 85 | 90 | 11.1 ± 1.7* | 102 ± 26* | |
Sugar beet | 0 (control) | 95 | 98 | 98 | 7.7 ± 0.3 | 508 ± 39 |
10.24 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 7.9 ± 0.3 | 519 ± 54 | |
25.6 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 7.8 ± 0.4 | 540 ± 60 | |
64 | 93 | 98 | 98 | 7.6 ± 0.6 | 492 ± 89 | |
160 | 90 | 95 | 95 | 8.4 ± 0.4# | 654 ± 81# | |
400 | 93 | 98 | 98 | 8.3 ± 0.3# | 581 ± 93 | |
1000 | 83 | 85 | 85 | 7.4 ± 0.5 | 409 ± 57* | |
Rape | 0 (control) | 98 | 100 | 100 | 15.0 ± 0.7 | 1399 ± 158 |
10.24 | 98 | 100 | 100 | 14.9 ± 0.8 | 1306 ± 170 | |
25.6 | 95 | 98 | 98 | 14.4 ± 1.4 | 1248 ± 178 | |
64 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 14.9 ± 0.8 | 1292 ± 179 | |
160 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 15.3 ± 0.7 | 1438 ± 181 | |
400 | 90 | 95 | 95 | 14.2 ± 0.9 | 1159 ± 83* | |
1000 | 88 | 95 | 98 | 11.2 ± 1.4* | 672 ± 147* | |
Lettuce | 0 (control) | 75 | 78 | 78 | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 407 ± 96 |
62.5 | 85 | 90 | 90 | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 323 ± 98 | |
125 | 55 | 78 | 78 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 211 ± 72* | |
250 | 23 | 55 | 55* | 4.1 ± 0.6* | 143 ± 47* | |
500 | 0 | 0 | 0* | - | - | |
1000 | 0 | 0 | 0* | - | - | |
Soybean | 0 (control) | 96 | 100 | 100 | 19.9 ± 0.8 | 2582 ± 273 |
62.5 | 92 | 96 | 100 | 18.8 ± 2.0 | 2423 ± 380 | |
125 | 29 | 88 | 92 | 16.9 ± 1.4* | 2384 ± 368 | |
250 | 50 | 96 | 96 | 18.5 ± 1.3* | 2291 ± 199 | |
500 | 33 | 96 | 96 | 17.4 ± 0.8* | 2056 ± 234* | |
1000 | 21 | 83 | 88 | 15.3 ± 0.9* | 1718 ± 209* | |
values in bold* = statistically significant inhibition # = statistically significant promoted growth, not included in calculations | ||||||
Table #4: Shoot Height: NOEC, LOEC, EC25- and EC50-Values with Confidence Range (p) | ||||||
Species | NOEC [mg/kg dw] |
LOEC [mg/kg dw] |
EC25 [mg/kg dw] |
p = 95% [mg/kg dw] |
EC50 [mg/kg dw] |
p = 95% [mg/kg dw] |
Oats | 500 | 1000 | 964 | 824 - >1000 | >1000 | - |
Onion | 250 | 500 | 703 | 566 - 874 | >1000 | - |
Sugar beet | 1000 | >=1000 | >1000 | - | >1000 | - |
Rape | 400 | 1000 | 990 | 876 - >1000 | >1000 | - |
Lettuce | 125 | 250 | 192 | 123 - >250# | >250# | - |
Soybean | 62.5 | 125 | > 1000 | - | >1000 | - |
# No seedling emergence at test concentrations > 250 mg/kg dw |
Table #5: Shoot Fresh Weight: NOEC, LOEC, EC25- and EC50-Values with Confidence Range (p) | ||||||
Species | NOEC [mg/kg dw] |
LOEC [mg/kg dw] |
EC25 [mg/kg dw] |
p = 95% [mg/kg dw] |
EC50 [mg/kg dw] |
p = 95% [mg/kg dw] |
Oats | 125 | 250 | 421 | 341 - 517 | 832 | 730 - 960 |
Onion | 250 | 500 | 450 | 321 - 633 | 929 | 758 - >1000 |
Sugar beet | 500 | 1000 | >1000 | - | >1000 | - |
Rape | 160 | 400 | 573 | 425 - 710 | 956 | 826 - >1000 |
Lettuce | 62.5 | 125 | 69.9 | <62.5 - 100 | 133 | 91.5 - 196 |
Soybean | 250 | 500 | 642 | 436 - 929 | >1000 | - |
Table #6: Number of Emerged Seedlings: NOEC, LOEC, EC25- and EC50-Values with Confidence Range (p) | ||||||
Species | NOEC [mg/kg dw] |
LOEC [mg/kg dw] |
EC25 [mg/kg dw] |
p = 95% [mg/kg dw] |
EC50 [mg/kg dw] |
p = 95% [mg/kg dw] |
Oats | 1000 | >=1000 | >1000 | - | >1000 | - |
Onion | 1000 | >=1000 | >1000 | - | >1000 | - |
Sugar beet | 1000 | >=1000 | >1000 | - | >1000 | - |
Rape | 1000 | >=1000 | >1000 | - | >1000 | - |
Lettuce | 125 | 250 | 241 | 207 - 267 | 287 | 263 - 360 |
Soybean | 1000 | >=1000 | >1000 | - | >1000 | - |
Description of key information
The effects of 2 -butyloctanoic acid to terrestrial plants were determined in 6 species in seedling emergence and seedling growth test according to OECD Guidlene 208 (July 2000). Species lettuce was the most sensitive species, the following values were calculated for shoot fresh weight: NOEC = 62.5 mg/kg dw, LOEC = 125 mg/kg dw, EC50 = 133 mg/kg dw.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 62.5 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
The phytotoxicity of the test item to six terrestrial plant species was determined according to OECD 208 (July 2006) at the test facility in seedling emergence and seedling growth tests over a period of 21 days. For onion 50 % emergence of the control seedlings was reached after 14 days. Therefore, the test for onion was prolonged until day 28.
Test systems comprised two monocotyledon (oats, Poaceae; onion, Amaryllideaceae), and four dicotyledons (sugar beet, Amaranthaceae; rape, Brassicaceae; lettuce, Asteraceae; soybean, Fabaceae). The test was conducted with various test concentrations:
Oats, onion, lettuce, soybean: 1000 - 500 - 250 - 125 - 62.5 mg/kg DW (factor 2)
Sugar beet, rape: 1000 - 400 - 160 - 64 - 25.6 - 10.24 mg/kg DW (factor 2.5)
The test item was incorporated into the soil in which the seeds were sown. The test containers were bottom watered with nutrient solution as needed.
Potential toxic effects of the test item were assessed on day 7, 14 and 21 (onion additionally on day 28) by visual observations (number of emerged seedlings and phytotoxic effects) and at test end by shoot height and shoot fresh weight determination.
The number of emerged seedlings was effected in species lettuce, no seedlings emerged at concentrations > 250 mg/kg dw, with NOEC being 125 mg/kg dw. In all other species the number of emerged seedlings were not effected up to the highest test substance concentration.
The shoot height was most severly effected for species soybean and lettuce, the following values were derived:
Soybean: NOEC = 62.5 mg/kg dw, LOEC = 125 mg/kg dw, EC25 > 1000 mg/kg dw, EC50 > 1000 mg/kg dw.
Lettuce: NOEC = 125 mg/kg dw, LOEC = 250 mg/kd dw, EC25 = 192 mg/kg dw (95% cl 123 - 250 mg/kg dw), EC50 > 250 mg/kg dw.
Species lettuce was the most sensitive species for shoot fresh weight, the following values were calculated: NOEC = 62.5 mg/kg dw, LOEC = 125 mg/kg dw, EC 25 = 69.9 mg/kg dw (95% cl < 62.5 - 100 mg/kg dw), EC50 = 133 mg/kg dw (95% cl 91.5 - 196 mg/kg dw).
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