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EC number: 275-959-3 | CAS number: 71735-61-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
The test item did not produce mutagenic effects in bacteria in vitro.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2001
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- rat Liver S9-mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0; 33; 1 00; 333; 1 000; 2500; and 5000 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- methylmethanesulfonate
- other: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine (4-NOPD); 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation); preincubation;
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 60 minutes
- Exposure duration:48 hours
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: evaluation of background lawn - Evaluation criteria:
- A test item is considered positive if a dose related increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice or thrice the colony count of the corresponding solvent control is observed at more than one concentration. Furthermore, a biologically relevant and reproducible increase exceeding the threshold at one test concentration is considered as positive.
A test item producing neither a dose related increase in the number of revertants nor a biologically relevant positive response at any one of the test points is considered nonmutagenic in this system.
A biologically relevant response is described as follows:
An increase is considered relevant in the strains TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA the number of reversions will be at least twice as high and in the strains TA 1535 and TA 1537 at least three times higher as compared to the spontaneous reversion rate.
Also, a dose-dependent and reproducible increase in the number of revertants is regarded as an indication of possibly existing mutagenic potential of the test item regardless whether the highest dose induced the above described enhancement factors or not. - Statistics:
- No statistical evaluation of the data is required.
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at 5000µg/plate in experiment II
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
The test item did not iduce gene muatations in bacteria with and without metabolic activation by rat liver S9. - Executive summary:
This study was performed to investigate the potential of the test item to induce gene mutations according to the plate incorporation test (experiment I) and the pre-incubation test (experiment II) using the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, and TA 100, and the Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA.
The assay was performed in two independent experiments both with and without liver microsomal activation.
Each concentration, including the controls, was tested in triplicate.
The test item was tested at the following concentrations:
33; 1 00; 333; 1 000; 2500; and 5000 µg/plate
Some of the plates showed reduced background growth at high concentrations with and without metabolic activation in experiment II. No visible reduction of the background growth was observed with and without metabolic activation in experiment I. Distinct toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants, occurred in almost all of the strains at 2500 and 5000 µg/plate.
No substantial and reproducible increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with the test item at any dose level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance.
Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls and showed a distinct increase of induced revertant colonies
In conclusion, it can be stated that during the described mutagenicity test and under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used.
Therefore, the test item is considered to be non-mutagenic in this Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.
Reference
with S-9 Mix
|
Revertants/plate |
|||||||||
mean from three plates |
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Concentration |
TA 1535 |
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
TA 1537 |
TA 98 |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
TA 100 |
WP2 uvrA |
WP2 uvrA |
µg/plate |
I |
II |
I |
II |
I |
II |
I |
II |
I |
II |
Negative control |
14 |
14 |
14 |
7 |
28 |
19 |
- |
178 |
39 |
52 |
Solvent control |
13 |
16 |
10 |
10 |
33 |
28 |
- |
175 |
40 |
43 |
Positive control## |
119 |
110 |
67 |
43 |
445 |
286 |
- |
508 |
172 |
165 |
33 |
17 |
11 |
6 |
8 |
28 |
26 |
- |
157 |
44 |
54 |
100 |
10 |
9 |
8 |
11 |
36 |
24 |
- |
154 |
47 |
47 |
333 |
14 |
11 |
8 |
8 |
29 |
26 |
- |
168 |
34 |
52 |
1000 |
11 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
47 |
35 |
- |
212 |
50 |
53 |
2500 |
15 |
12 |
15 |
7 |
54 |
41 |
- |
207 |
43 |
52 |
5000 |
8 |
6 |
0 |
2 |
17 |
32 |
- |
197 |
26 |
50 |
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## 2-aminoanthracene (2.5 µg/plate; 10.0 µg/plate in strain TA 102)
without S-9 Mix
|
Revertants/plate |
|||||||||
mean from three plates |
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Concentration |
TA 1535 |
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
TA 1537 |
TA 98 |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
TA 100 |
WP2 uvrA |
WP2 uvrA |
µg/plate |
I |
II |
I |
II |
I |
II |
I |
II |
I |
II |
Negative control |
13 |
14 |
12 |
9 |
20 |
21 |
- |
147 |
35 |
48 |
Solvent control |
12 |
12 |
8 |
9 |
17 |
20 |
- |
100 |
35 |
46 |
Positive control## |
918 |
775 |
65 |
45 |
157 |
168 |
- |
833 |
858 |
417 |
33 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
21 |
17 |
- |
104 |
43 |
61 |
100 |
11 |
6 |
8 |
9 |
22 |
18 |
- |
118 |
46 |
58 |
333 |
7 |
10 |
8 |
8 |
22 |
19 |
- |
127 |
43 |
56 |
1000 |
9 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
24 |
21 |
- |
123 |
39 |
53 |
2500 |
7 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
18 |
14 |
- |
46 |
31 |
42 |
5000 |
2 |
4 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
11 |
- |
30 |
23 |
38 |
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##Sodium azide (10 µg/plate) strains TA 1535 and TA 100;
4-Nitro-o-phenylene-diamine (10 µg/plate) strains TA 1537 and TA 98;
Methyl-methane-sulfonate (1µL/plate) strain TA 102
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Mode of Action Analysis / Human Relevance Framework
not applicable
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
No classification
No adverse effects were detected.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.