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EC number: 224-069-3 | CAS number: 4191-73-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin sensitisation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vitro
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from publication.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Assessment of the sensitizing potency of preservatives with chance of skin contact by the loose-fit coculture-based sensitization assay (LCSA)
- Author:
- Anna Sonnenburg • Maximilian Schreiner, Ralf Stahlmann
- Year:
- 2 015
- Bibliographic source:
- Arch Toxicol (2015) 89:2339–2344
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: As mention below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To evaluate the skin sensitizing potential of isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate in vitro method of loose-fit coculture-based sensitization assay(LCSA).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study:
- other: loose-fit coculture-based sensitization assay (LCSA)
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- Not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- EC Number:
- 224-069-3
- EC Name:
- Isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- Cas Number:
- 4191-73-5
- Molecular formula:
- C10H12O3
- IUPAC Name:
- propan-2-yl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- Molecular formula : C10H12O3
- Molecular weight : 180.202 g/mole
- Smiles notation : c1(C(OC(C)C)=O)ccc(O)cc1
- InChl : 1S/C10H12O3/c1-7(2)13-10(12)8-3-5-9(11)6-4-8/h3-7,11H,1-2H3
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state:Solid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material: Isopropyl p-hydroxybenzoate
- IUPAC name: isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- Molecular formula: C10H12O3
- Molecular weight: 180.202 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: No data
In vitro test system
- Details on the study design:
- Skin sensitisation (In vitro test system) - Loose-fit coculture-based sensitization assay
Keratinocytes were isolated from skin which was received as residual material from plastic surgery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were enriched from buffy coats by density centrifugation. Cells were cocultured in serum-free Keratinocyte growth medium 2 on 12-well cell culture plates. Increasing concentrations of test substances were tested until significant cytotoxicity or decreased solubility occurred.
Viability of cells was measured by 7-AAD staining. Each substance was tested with three different DC-rc/KC-donor pairs to account for interindividual variability
The LCSA is based on a co -culture of primary human keratinocytes and allogenic dendritic cell-related cells (DC-rc) which upregulate the expression of the maturation marker CD86 when incubated with sensitizers.
Results and discussion
- Positive control results:
- At least 1.4-fold increase in CD86-expression compared to zero controls.
In vitro / in chemico
Results
- Key result
- Run / experiment:
- other: In Loose-fit coculture-based sensitization assay ,the EC50 value for test material was 157.84 μmol/l.
- Parameter:
- other: EC50
- Remarks:
- Substance concentration causing a half-maximal increase in CD86-expression
- Value:
- 157.84
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of skin sensitisation
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- OTHER EFFECTS:
According to the study ,the EC50 value for test material was 157.84 μmol/l. which falls into the wekk category of skin sensitization .
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: yes
Any other information on results incl. tables
For categorization of sensitizing potency, the substance concentration which led to a half-maximal increase in CD86-expression (EC50sens) was assessed. Substances
were categorized as follows: half-maximal increase in CD86-expression
<12.5 μM: extreme;
<50 μM: strong;
<100 μM: moderate;
>100 μM: weak.
Substances failing to elicit significant rise in CD86-expression up to the maximum test concentration were deemed non-sensitizers.
Paraben |
EC50sens/(μmol/l) |
Categorya |
Isopropyl |
157.84 |
Weak |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: sensitizing
- Conclusions:
- Isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (4191-73-5) was observed for its skin sensitizing potential by Invitro method of loose-fit coculture-based sensitization assay (LCSA) .Isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate was considered to be sensitizing by Invitro method .
- Executive summary:
Isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (4191-73-5) was assessed for its skin sensitizing potential by In-vitro method. For this purpose isloose‑fit coculture‑based sensitization assay(LCSA)was performed usingHuman keratinocytes.Human keratinocytes were used for the study. 12-well cell culture plates were used for the cocultured of the cell. Substances were tested for three different DC-rc/KC-donor pairs to account for interindividual variability.Sensitization potency of the test substances was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of the DC-rc maturation marker CD86. Determination of the concentration required to cause a half-maximal increase in CD86-expression (EC50sens) allowed a quantitative evaluation. Substances were categorized as follows: half-maximal increase in CD86-expression
<12.5 μM: extreme;
<50 μM: strong;
<100 μM: moderate;
>100 μM: weak.
The EC50 sensitization was found to be 157.84 μmol/l forIsopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate.Therefore,Isopropyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (4191-73-5)) was considered to be sensitizing to human keratinocytes cells.
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