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EC number: 231-116-1 | CAS number: 7440-06-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
No reliable in vitro genotoxicity data were identified.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Description of key information
No reliable in vivo genotoxicity data for platinum metal were identified.
However, in a limited dominant lethal mutation assay, no evidence of genotoxicity was seen following a single subcutaneous injection of powdered elemental platinum to male mice prior to mating with untreated females (Arnold et al., 1975).
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian germ cell study: cytogenicity / chromosome aberration
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Brief abstract, basic data only reported, does not meet current guideline methodology
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Dominant lethal study in mice to detect mutagenic potential (usually as a result of chromosome aberrations). Treated males were housed with 3 untreated, virgin females/week for 6 consecutive weeks. Mating ability, impregnating ability, viable embryos and percent early deaths (i.e. resorptions) were assessed.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- rodent dominant lethal assay
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- other: albino
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- No details reported in brief abstract.
- Route of administration:
- subcutaneous
- Vehicle:
- Saline (suspension)
- Details on exposure:
- Single subcutaneous injection of 100 mg powdered material as a suspension in saline (1 ml)
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- n/a
- Frequency of treatment:
- Single dose administered
- Post exposure period:
- [Presumably] 6 weeks
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
100 mg
Basis:
other: nominal in saline - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 males
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- no data
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- Dominant lethal mutations were measured as the percentage of all implants that resulted in early death in utero (i.e. percentage resorptions).
- Evaluation criteria:
- Early (in utero) deaths as a percentage of all implants were compared in treated and control animals
- Statistics:
- None reported
- Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- no effects
- Remarks:
- Mortality and behavioural assessment only
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- not applicable
- Additional information on results:
- Numbers of viable embryos: 10.4-11.7 and 10.2-11.5 in control groups; 10.5-11.4 in treated animals.
Percentage early deaths: 3.0-6.7 and 4.8-8.1 in control groups; 5.0-7.6 in treated group - Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative
In a limited dominant lethal mutation assay, no evidence of genotoxicity was seen following a single subcutaneous injection of powdered elemental platinum to male mice prior to mating with untreated females. - Executive summary:
In a limited non-guideline pre-GLP study, elemental platinum was tested for its ability to induce heritable genetic damage (usually indicative of chromosome aberrations) in a dominant lethal mutation assay in albino mice. Single subcutaneous injections of 100 mg powdered platinum in saline (1 ml) were given to 10 males before housing with 3 untreated, virgin females/week for 6 consecutive weeks. The percentage of implants that resulted in early foetal deaths (in utero) did not differ from those measured in saline-treated controls.
In conclusion, a mutagenic effect (indicative of chromosome aberrations) was not indicated for elemental platinum under the conditions of this limited dominant lethal mutation assay in mice.
It is worth noting, that the study has several deviations (e.g. inappropriate route, single dose, no positive control) and does not meet the acceptance criteria listed in the current OECD Test Guideline (478).
Reference
Observations, viable embryo numbers, percentage of early deaths as a proportion of implantations did not differ between treated and control animals.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Mode of Action Analysis / Human Relevance Framework
No data identified.
Additional information
No reliable genotoxicity data for platinum metal were identified.
However, ina limited non-guideline pre-GLP study, elemental platinum was tested for its ability to induce heritable genetic damage (usually indicative of chromosome aberrations) in a dominant lethal mutation assay in albino mice. Single subcutaneous injections of 100 mg powdered platinum in saline (1 ml) were administered to 10 males before housing with 3 untreated, virgin females/week for 6 consecutive weeks. The percentage of implants that resulted in early foetal deaths (in utero) did not differ from those measured in saline-treated controls. In conclusion, a mutagenic effect (indicative of chromosome aberrations) was not indicated for elemental platinum under the conditions of this limited dominant lethal mutation assay in mice (Arnold et al., 1975). It is worth noting, that the study has several deviations (e.g. inappropriate route, single dose, no positive control) and does not meet the acceptance criteria listed in the current OECD Test Guideline (478).
Further, availability considerations provide good support for the conclusion that genotoxicity testing can be waived.
Platinum is considered to be non-bioavailable following oral and dermal exposure, as evidenced by transformation/dissolution and bio-elution test data.
It is not expected to reach the lungs in appreciable quantities (based on respiratory tract deposition modelling data). Thus, inhalation will not be a significant route of exposure. Further, bio-elution test data indicates lack of bioavailability in lung fluid.
Since a chemical is required to be bioavailable in order to induce genotoxicity, platinum is not considered to pose a toxicity hazard for this endpoint. Consequently, no testing for genotoxicity of platinum is considered justified.
Justification for classification or non-classification
No reliable genotoxicity data are available for platinum. However, such effects are not expected, based on a lack of bioavailability following exposure via the oral, dermal and inhalation routes, with support from the limited dominant lethal study in mice. As such, there is no evidence to classify it for germ cell mutagenicity according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
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