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EC number: 701-396-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Some information in this page has been claimed confidential.
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- read-across from similar mixture/product
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 May 2012 - 12 Mar 2013
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 013
- Report date:
- 2013
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 29 July 2016
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 200 metaphases scored; mitotic index used as parameter for cytotoxicity (no RPD or RICC values given), no C-charts or X-bar charts provided
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.10 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5375 - In vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test
- Version / remarks:
- 1998
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Bayrisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Erlangen, Germany
- Type of assay:
- other: in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
Test material
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- not applicable
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- CELLS USED
- Source of cells: V79 cells (ATCC, CCL-93)
- Suitability of cells: yes
- Proliferation rate: 12 - 14 h:
- Modal number of chromosomes: diploid number, 2n = 22
MEDIA USED
- Type and identity of media: MEM medium supplemented with 10% fetale bovine serum, 100 U/100 µg/mL penicilline/streptomycin solution, 2 mM L-glutamine, 2.5 µg/mL amphotericin, 25 µM HEPES.
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Co-factor supplemented post-mitochondrial fraction (S9 mix), prepared from the livers of rats treated with phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Pre-experiment for Toxicity:
with and without metabolic activation: 7.8, 15.6, 31.3, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/mL
Experiment I:
4 h treatment with and without metabolic activation: 3.16, 10.0, 31.6, 100, 316, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/mL
Experiment II:
20 h treatment without metabolic activation: 10.0, 30.0, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/mL
4 h treatment with metabolic activation: 100, 316, 1000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 µg/mL
The following concentrations were selected in the main experiments for the microscopic analyses:
Experiment I:
with and without metabolic activation: 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/mL
Experiment II:
without metabolic activation: 500, 1000 and 5000 µg/mL
with metabolic activation: 1000, 3000 and 5000 µg/mL - Vehicle / solvent:
- No vehicle was used.
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- no
- Remarks:
- not applicable
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- cyclophosphamide
- ethylmethanesulphonate
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
- Cell density at seeding: 1E+04 - 5E+04 cells depending on preparation time
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 4 and 20 h
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): 4 h treatment: 20 h; 20 h treatment: 20 h
SPINDLE INHIBITOR: 0.2 µg/mL Colcemid in medium
STAIN: Giemsa
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: duplicates each in 2 independent experiments
METHODS OF SLIDE PREPARATION AND STAINING TECHNIQUE USED:
Colcemid was added to the cultures 17.5 h after the start of each treatment. 2.5 h later, the cells were treated on the slides in the chambers with hypotonic solution (0.4% KCl) for 20 min at 37 °C. After incubation in the hypotonic solution the cells were fixed with methanol/glacial acetic acid (3:1 v/v). All the steps were carried out on precision hot plates at 37 °C. After fixation the slides were air dried and stained.
All slides were independently coded before microscopic analysis.
NUMBER OF METAPHASE SPREADS ANALYSED PER DOSE (if in vitro cytogenicity study in mammalian cells): 200. Parallel cultures were treated at each concentration. 100 metaphases per culture were scored
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: mitotic index; relative cell density
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: Yes
If observed, structural chromosomal aberrations, including breaks, fragments, deletions, exchanges and chromosomal disintegration were recorded. Gaps were recorded but not included in the calculation of the aberration rates. - Evaluation criteria:
- A test substance was considered positive (clastogenic) in the chromosome aberration test if:
- a clear and dose-related increase in the number of cells with aberrations,
- a biologically relevant response for at least one of the dose groups, which is higher than the laboratory negative control range (0.0% - 4.0% aberrant cells (with and without metabolic activation)) was observed.
A test item is considered to be negative if there is no biologically relevant increase in the percentage of aberrant cells above concurrent control levels, at any dose group. Although most experiments will give clearly positive or negative results, in some cases the data set will preclude making a definitive judgement about the activity of the test substance.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- In experiment II without metabolic activation, a biologically relevant decrease of the relative mitotic index and the relative cell density was noted at 5000 µg/mL (54% relative mitotic index and 56% relative cell density)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Water solubility: The test item could be suspended in cell culture medium at a concentration of 5000 µg/mL.
- Precipitation: Precipitation of the test substance was observed in following experiments:
Experiment I without metabolic activation: starting at 1000 µg/mL
Experiment II without metabolic activation: starting at 500 µg/mL
Experiment II with metabolix activation: starting at 1000 µg/mL
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: The highest concentration analysed in the pre-experiment for toxicity was 5000 µg/mL. The relative mitotic index was used as the parameter for evaluating toxicity. The concentrations evaluated in the main experiments were based on the results of the pre-experiment.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Results of the pre-experiment
Concentration in µg/mL | Mitotic Index in % | Cell Density in % | ||
relative | relative | |||
without S9 mix | ||||
Control | 72 | 100 | 67 | 100 |
7.8 | 72 | 100 | 90 | 135 |
15.6 | 68 | 94 | 73 | 109 |
31.3 | 68 | 92 | 62 | 93 |
62.5 | 67 | 93 | 39 | 59 |
125 | 76 | 106 | 77 | 115 |
250 | 55 | 76 | 70 | 105 |
500 | 53 | 74 | 69 | 100 |
1000 | 52 | 72 | 49 | 73 |
2500 | 64 | 89 | 72 | 108 |
5000 | 52 | 72 | 59 | 88 |
with S9 mix | ||||
Control | 94 | 100 | 68 | 100 |
7.8 | 74 | 79 | 65 | 95 |
15.6 | 75 | 80 | 76 | 112 |
31.3 | 96 | 102 | 87 | 129 |
62.5 | 84 | 89 | 76 | 113 |
125 | 99 | 105 | 73 | 109 |
250 | 82 | 87 | 66 | 96 |
500 | 83 | 88 | 77 | 114 |
1000 | 80 | 85 | 59 | 87 |
2500 | 84 | 89 | 69 | 102 |
5000 | 88 | 94 | 63 | 93 |
The mitotic index was determined in 1000 cells per culture of each test group.
The relative values of the mitotic index are related to the negative control.
The cell density was determined in 20 cell counts for each test group.
Table 2. Test results of experiment I and II
Test item | Concentration | Mitotic Index | Aberrant cells in % | ||
in µg/mL | in % | with gaps | without gaps | ||
Exp. I, Exposure period 4 h, fixation time 20 h, without S9 mix | |||||
Control | medium | 100 | 3.5 | 2.0 | |
EMS | 900 | 92 | 12.5 | 8.5 | |
Test substance | 1000 P | 101 | 4.0 | 2.0 | |
2500 P | 81 | 3.5 | 2.0 | ||
5000 P | 77 | 1.0 | 0 | ||
Exp. I, Exposure period 4 h, fixation time 20 h, with S9 mix | |||||
Control | medium | 100 | 2.5 | 2.0 | |
CPA | 0.83 | 115 | 11.5 | 9.5 | |
Test substance | 1000 | 107 | 2.0 | 0.5 | |
2500 | 115 | 5.0 | 2.5 | ||
5000 | 94 | 4.0 | 2.0 | ||
Exp. II, Exposure period 20 h, fixation time 20 h, without S9 mix | |||||
Control | medium | 100 | 3.0 | 1.5 | |
EMS | 400 | 96 | 11.0 | 9.5 | |
Test substance | 500 P | 70 | 2.5 | 1.0 | |
1000 P | 54 | 4.0 | 2.0 | ||
5000 P | 64 | 1.5 | 0.5 | ||
Exp. II, Exposure period 20 h, fixation time 20 h, withS9 mix | |||||
Control | medium | 100 | 6.0 | 3.5 | |
CPA | 0.83 | 112 | 15.0 | 14.0 | |
Test substance | 1000 P | 94 | 5.0 | 4.0 | |
3000 P* | 104 | 3.5 | 2.5 | ||
5000 P | 65 | 4.5 | 2.5 |
EMS: Ethylmethanesulfonate; CP: Cyclophosphamide (positive controls)
The mitotic index was determined in 1000 cells per culture of each test group.
For evaluation of aberrant cells, 100 cells per culture of each test group were scored (in total 200 cells)
* For evaluation of aberrant cells, 400 cells were scored.
Table 3: Historical Laboratory Control Data
Number of aberrant cells | ||||
with S9 mix | without S9 mix | |||
Negative control | + gaps | - gaps | + gaps | - gaps |
mean in % | 4.3 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 1.5 |
SD | 1.43 | 0.81 | 1.55 | 0.82 |
RSD in % | 33.5 | 41.4 | 42.4 | 56.6 |
min in % | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
max in % | 8.5 | 4.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 |
n | 244 | 244 | 244 | 244 |
Positive control | ||||
mean in % | 13.1 | 9.7 | 13.1 | 9.7 |
SD | 2.29 | 1.66 | 2.70 | 1.96 |
RSD in % | 17.4 | 17.1 | 20.7 | 20.3 |
min in % | 8.5 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 8.0 |
max in % | 23.0 | 16.0 | 26.5 | 20.5 |
n | 235 | 235 | 235 | 235 |
mean = mean number of aberrant cells
SD = Standard Deviation
RSD = relative Standard Deviation
min = minimum number of aberrant cells
max = maximum number of aberrant cells
n = Number of assays
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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