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EC number: 268-655-7 | CAS number: 68132-91-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Justification for type of information:
- Chapter R.7b: Endpoint specific guidance
Version 4.0, June 2017
Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment (ECHA)
Information from biodegradation and simulation tests
Absence of microbial toxicity can often be inferred from biodegradation studies in the laboratory. The information content of ready biodegradability tests (available as of 1 t/y) can under certain conditions also be used to derive a NOEC. This can be used to avoid new testing. The assumption that the substance under investigation is not inhibitory to the microorganisms when dosed in the test system is implicit in ready biodegradability testing (i.e., EC C.4 A-F, OECD 301A-F (OECD, 1992) and OECD 310 (2006)). If a compound degrades well in a ready biodegradability test, or does not inhibit the degradation of a positive control at a certain concentration, this concentration can be used as a NOEC value. Any Ready Biodegradability Test relying on continuous monitoring, e.g. the MITI I test (EC C.4F; OECD 301C) or the Manometric Respirometry test (EC C.4D; OECD 301F) is considered more reliable for observing the effects of a chemical on the inoculum. A partial or transient toxic effect often results in a delayed mineralisation of the test substance and/or the positive control. - Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1974
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 10 mg/L
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- IC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The substance has a 3-h IC10 of >10 mg/L. No negative effects the biodegradation activity of activated sludge in pre-adapted wastewater treatment plants are anticipated when applied at low concentrations.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2016-11-15 to 2016-12-15
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 301F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Activated sludge from the municipal sewage treatment plant, 31137 Hildesheim, Germany
- Receipt: 2016-11-10
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The activated sludge was washed twice with chlorine free tap water. After the second washing the settled sludge was resuspended in mineral salts medium and was maintained in an aerobic condition by aeration for 2 hours. Thereafter the sludge was homogenized with a blender. After sedimentation the supernatant was decanted and maintained in an aerobic condition by aeration with CO2-free air for 6 days. 10 mL/L were used to initiate inoculation.
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: approx. 1.66 x 107 CFU/L in the final test solution
- Water filtered: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Test temperature:
- 20.5 - 21.5
- pH:
- 7.7 - 7.9
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 45 mg/L
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 75 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Details on results:
- Results of the Toxicity Control
In the toxicity control the biodegradation achieved 56% after 14 days. The biodegradation came to a maximum of 58% on day 19. The validity criterion that the test item should not inhibit the biodegradation of the reference item was fulfilled. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The substance was tested for total respiration inhibition as toxicity control in an OECD 301F ready biodegradability study. The functional control with 45 mg/L sodium benzoate reached a maximum oxygen depletion of 98% on day 27. The mean oxygen depletion with 75 mg/L Reactive Blue 160 was 3% (not readily biodegradable). The toxicity control with 45 mg/L sodium benzoate and 75 mg/L Reactive Blue 160 reached a maximum oxygen depletion of 58% on day 21. The substance was not considered inhibitory to activated sludge according to the validity criteria of OECD 301F. Since the biodegradation of sodium benzoate was not inhibited by >50% at a test item concentration of 75 mg/L, the EC50 for total respiration inhibition is > 75 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Biodegradation [%] of the Test Item Reactive Blue 160 in Comparison to the Functional Control and Toxicity Control
|
|
Biodegradation [%] |
|||
Date |
[d] |
Functional |
Test Item |
Toxicity Control |
|
|
|
R1 |
P1 |
P2 |
T1 |
2016-11-17 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
2016-11-18 |
2 |
51 |
0 |
0 |
33 |
2016-11-19 |
3 |
66 |
0 |
0 |
40 |
2016-11-20 |
4 |
74 |
0 |
0 |
46 |
2016-11-21 |
5 |
78 |
1 |
0 |
49 |
2016-11-22 |
6 |
80 |
1 |
0 |
50 |
2016-11-23 |
7 |
81 |
3 |
2 |
51 |
2016-11-24 |
8 |
82 |
2 |
0 |
52 |
2016-11-25 |
9 |
83 |
1 |
0 |
52 |
2016-11-26 |
10 |
85 |
2 |
0 |
53 |
2016-11-27 |
11 |
87 |
1 |
0 |
54 |
2016-11-28 |
12 |
88 |
0 |
0 |
55 |
2016-11-29 |
13 |
90 |
1 |
0 |
56 |
2016-11-30 |
14 |
91 |
2 |
0 |
56 |
2016-12-01 |
15 |
91 |
0 |
0 |
56 |
2016-12-02 |
16 |
93 |
2 |
0 |
57 |
2016-12-03 |
17 |
93 |
1 |
0 |
57 |
2016-12-04 |
18 |
93 |
0 |
0 |
57 |
2016-12-05 |
19 |
95 |
1 |
0 |
58 |
2016-12-06 |
20 |
95 |
1 |
0 |
57 |
2016-12-07 |
21 |
96 |
1 |
0 |
58 |
2016-12-08 |
22 |
97 |
2 |
0 |
57 |
2016-12-09 |
23 |
97 |
1 |
0 |
57 |
2016-12-10 |
24 |
97 |
1 |
0 |
57 |
2016-12-11 |
25 |
97 |
2 |
0 |
57 |
2016-12-12 |
26 |
97 |
1 |
0 |
57 |
2016-12-13 |
27 |
98 |
3 |
0 |
57 |
2016-12-14 |
28 |
98 |
5 |
0 |
57 |
Description of key information
The substance was tested for total respiration inhibition as toxicity control in an OECD 301F ready biodegradability study. The functional control with 45 mg/L sodium benzoate reached a maximum oxygen depletion of 98% on day 27. The mean oxygen depletion with 75 mg/L Reactive Blue 160 was 3% (not readily biodegradable). The toxicity control with 45 mg/L sodium benzoate and 75 mg/L Reactive Blue 160 reached a maximum oxygen depletion of 58% on day 21. The substance was not considered inhibitory to activated sludge according to the validity criteria of OECD 301F. Since the biodegradation of sodium benzoate was not inhibited by >50% at a test item concentration of 75 mg/L, the EC50 for total respiration inhibition is > 75 mg/L.
A second study (1974) stated a 3-h IC10 >10 mg/L to activated sludge (respiration inhibition). However, due to lack of a sufficient documentation, the study was not used for an assessment.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 75 mg/L
Additional information
Chapter R.7b: Endpoint specific guidance
Version 4.0, June 2017
Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment (ECHA)
Information from biodegradation and simulation tests
Absence of microbial toxicity can often be inferred from biodegradation studies in the laboratory. The information content of ready biodegradability tests (available as of 1 t/y) can under certain conditions also be used to derive a NOEC. This can be used to avoid new testing. The assumption that the substance under investigation is not inhibitory to the microorganisms when dosed in the test system is implicit in ready biodegradability testing (i.e., EC C.4 A-F, OECD 301A-F (OECD, 1992) and OECD 310 (2006)). If a compound degrades well in a ready biodegradability test, or does not inhibit the degradation of a positive control at a certain concentration, this concentration can be used as a NOEC value. Any Ready Biodegradability Test relying on continuous monitoring, e.g. the MITI I test (EC C.4F; OECD 301C) or the Manometric Respirometry test (EC C.4D; OECD 301F) is considered more reliable for observing the effects of a chemical on the inoculum. A partial or transient toxic effect often results in a delayed mineralisation of the test substance and/or the positive control.
The substance did not significantly inhibit the biodegradation activity of activated sludge in a toxicity control of an OECD 301F study. Since the biodegradation of sodium benzoate was 58% maximum with Reactive Blue 160 and 98% maximum without the test item, the applied concentration of 75 mg/L was not considered a NOEC but a "worst-case" EC50.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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