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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 012
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- of 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Version / remarks:
- of 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Test material form:
- other: semi-solid, wax-like (at 20°C)
- Details on test material:
- Name of the test material (as cited in the Study): WS400102
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: essential amino acid requiring strains
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- liver S9 mix from male Wistar rats treated with phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone for enzyme induction.
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Range-finding test: 0; 10; 31.6; 100; 316; 1000; 2500 and 5000 μg/plate
Experiment 1: 0; 1.581; 5; 15.81; 50; 158.1; 500; 1581 and 5000 μg/plate
Experiment 2: 0; 1.581; 5; 15.81; 50; 158.1; 500; 1581 and 5000 μg/plate
Complementary to Experiment 2: 0; 0.1581; 0.5; 1.581; 5; 15.81; 50; 158.1 and 500 μg/plate - Vehicle / solvent:
- Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle:
In a solubility trial, DMSO and acetone were suitable vehicles for exposure to the test substance up to the maximum guideline recommended test substance concentration of 5000 μg/plate, whereas in distilled water the test material was insoluble. DMSO was selected as vehicle, because of its better biocompatibility with the test system than acetone.
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- without and with S9 mix
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- without and with S9 mix
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 4-nitro-1,2-phenylene-diamine; sodium azide; 9-aminoacridine; methyl-methanesulfonate.
- Remarks:
- Positive control substances for tests without metabolic activation (S9 mix). All of them are well established reference mutagens.
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- without and with S9 mix
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- without and with S9 mix
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene; Activity of S9 was additionally tested with Benzo[a]pyrene
- Remarks:
- Positive control substances for tests with metabolic activation (S9 mix). All of them are well established reference mutagens.
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Range-finding test & Experiment 1: Standard Plate Incorporation Tests
Experiment 2 & Complementary to Experiment 2: Pre-incubation Test
All tests, except the Complementary to Experiment 2, were performed without and with metabolic activation (S9 mix).
The Complementary to Experiment 2, was performed without metabolic activation.
Proportion of S9 fraction in the S9 mix was 10% v/v and of S9 fraction in the final medium ca. 2% v/v in all tests with metabolic activation.
The following positive controls were used to check mutability of the bacteria and activity of the S9 mix:
Without metabolic activation (S9 mix):
4-nitro-1,2-phenylene-diamine: - 4 μg/plate, dissolved in DMSO: - strain: TA 98
Sodium azide: - 2 μg/plate, dissolved in distilled water: - strains: TA 100, TA 1535
9-Aminoacridine: - 50 μg/plate, dissolved in DMSO: - strain: TA 1537
Methyl-methanesulfonate: - 2 μL/plate, dissolved in distilled water: - strain: WP2 uvrA
With metabolic activation (S9 mix):
2-Aminoanthracene: - 2 μg/plate, dissolved in DMSO: - strains: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100
2-Aminoanthracene: - 50 μg/plate, dissolved in DMSO: - strain: WP2 uvrA
In addition, adeqaute biological activity of the S9 batch used in the present study was confirmed by use of two mutagens, Aminoanthracene and Benzo(a)pyrene, that require metabolic activation by microsomal enzymes. - Evaluation criteria:
- The test substance is considered to exhibit mutagenic activity in this assay if the following criteria are met:
- a dose–related increase in the number of revertants and/or;
- a reproducible, biologically relevant positive response for at least one of the dose groups in at least one strain with or without metabolic activation.
An increase was considered biologically relevant if in at least one of the five tested strains the number of reversion was more than twice higher than the reversion rate of the vehicle (solvent) control.
A test substance is considered non-mutagenic in this test if:
Neither a dose-related increase in the number of revertants nor a reproducible, biologically relevant positive response is evident in any of the dose groups, with or without metabolic activation.
The study was considered valid if:
- the number of revertant colonies of the vehicle (solvent) and positive controls were in the historical control range in all strains of the main tests;
- at least five analyzable concentrations were presented in all strains of the main tests. - Statistics:
- The data were not statistically analysed. The study result was unequivocal.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- but confined to 5000 µg/plate (+S9)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- but confined to 5000 µg/plate (+S9) and 2500 & 5000 µg/plate (-S9)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- Confined to Experiment 2 to 500, 1581 & 5000 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- reduced background lawn down to 158.1 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- Viability checked by a plating experiment in each test was satisfactory.
- Remarks on result:
- other: tables of results attached as background material
Any other information on results incl. tables
At a test material concentration of 5000 µg/plate, precipitate was observed in the Range-finding test in both bacterial strains (TA98 and TA100) with metabolic activation, and in Experiment 2 in all tested strains (S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2) with and without metabolic activation.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- negative without and with metabolic activation (S9 mix)
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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