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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 909-803-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: other: gene mutation and DNA repair
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Study period:
- Before 1984
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 984
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- E. coli WP2 uvrA, E. coli WP2 uvrA (pKM101), or S. typhimurium TA102 strain not tested - Only plate-incorporation method used
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- other: bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) and bacterial DNA-repair test
Test material
Reference
- Name:
- Unnamed
- Type:
- Constituent
- Details on test material:
- Commercially available as reagent grade pure compounds, from British Drug Houses (BDH)
Method
- Target gene:
- his gene (mutagenicity assay)
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Species / strain / cell type:
- bacteria, other: E. coli WP2, WP67 and CM871 (DNA-repair test)
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- WP2: wild-type, repair-proficient; WP67: uvrA- polA-; CM871: uvrA- recA- lexA-
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: ochre nonsense mutation blocking an intermediate process in the synthesis of tryptophan
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- rat liver S9 mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Not specified - Various dilutions performed by a geometric ratio of 2, starting from the test compound solubility or toxicity limit, were tested
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Bidistilled water or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- not specified
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- not specified
- Positive control substance:
- not specified
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: duplicate or triplicate plates
OTHER:
- Ames reversion test:
The plate-incorporation test was performed according to the standard procedure described by Ames et al. (1975), with some revisions suggested by Bruce N. Ames (personal communication) and now published by Maron and Ames (1983).
- DNA-repair test in E. coli
Liquid micromethod procedure: This procedure is similar to those described by Kada et al. (1980) in the rec-assay System with B. subtilis and by McCarroll et al. (1981) with various strains of E. coli. - Evaluation criteria:
- - Ames reversion test:
Criteria for positivity of results included rate of increase of induced versus spontaneous revenants, dose dependence and reproducibility in separate experiments.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- other: E. coli WP2, WP67 and CM871 (DNA-repair test)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Detailed results of the Ames test
Test compound |
S. typhimuriumstrain |
Potency (revertants/nmole) |
|||||
TA1535 |
TA100 |
TA1538 |
TA98 |
TA1537 |
TA97 |
||
Nickel acetate |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
< 0.007 |
Nickel chloride |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
< 0.0007 |
Nickel nitrate |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
< 0.0007 |
-: No increase of revertants in at least 3 separate experiments
Table 2: Detailed results of the DNA-repair assay
Test compound |
E. colistrain |
Potency (delta MIC/nmole) |
|||||
MIC (µg) without S9 mix |
MIC (µg) with S9 mix |
||||||
WP2 |
WP67 |
CM871 |
WP2 |
WP67 |
CM871 |
||
Nickel acetate |
125 |
125 |
80 |
250 |
250 |
250 |
0 |
Nickel chloride |
125 |
125 |
125 |
250 |
180 |
225 |
0 |
Nickel nitrate |
125 |
125 |
125 |
375 |
250 |
250 |
0 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with or without metabolic activation
Nickel acetate, nickel chloride and nickel nitrate did not induce any genotoxic effects in bacteria when tested for point mutations (Ames test) or DNA-repair (liquid micromethod). - Executive summary:
Nickel acetate, nickel chloride and nickel nitrate were comparatively assayed in the bacterial Ames reversion test (plate incorporation method) with his- S. typhimurium strains TA1535. TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100 and TA97, as well as in a DNA-repair test (liquid micromethod) with trp- E. coli strains WP2 (repair-proficient), WP67 (uvrA- polA-) and CM871 (uvrA- recA- lexA-), up to concentrations based on solubility or toxicity limits, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolic activation system.
No significant changes were observed with any of the three test compounds in either test, illustrating their absence of genotoxic effects in such bacterial test systems.
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