Silicic acid (H4SiO4), zirconium(4+) salt (1:1), reaction products with sodium hydroxide

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2016-01-13 to 2016-02-04

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2016

Report date:

2016

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Silicic acid (H4SiO4), zirconium(4+) salt (1:1), reaction products with sodium hydroxide

EC Number:

304-802-4

EC Name:

Silicic acid (H4SiO4), zirconium(4+) salt (1:1), reaction products with sodium hydroxide

Cas Number:

94279-56-8

Molecular formula:

Silicic acid (H4SiO4), zirconium(4+) salt (1:1), reaction products with sodium hydroxide

IUPAC Name:

Silicic acid (H4SiO4), zirconium(4+) salt (1:1), reaction products with sodium hydroxide

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Remarks:

migrated information: powder

Details on test material:

Brown powder
Batch CP2684
Frit: silicic acid (H4SiO4), zirconium (4+) salt (1:1), reaction products with sodium hydroxide
UVCB, therefore no purity

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

other: rfa : deep rough (defective lipopolysaccharide cellcoat) gal : mutation in the galactose metabolism chl : mutation in nitrate reductase bio : defective biotin synthesis uvrB : loss of the excision repair system (deletion of the ultraviolet-repair B gene)

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not specified

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9 mix

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Eight concentrations, 0.55, 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512 and 1000 µg/plate were tested in triplicate in the dose range finding test. Five concentrations, 52, 164, 512, 1000 and 2500 were used in experiment 1 and five concentrations, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 2500 were used in experiment 2.

Vehicle / solvent:

An aqueous based vehicle could not be used as the test substance reacts with water. A solubility test was performed. In neither DMSO (10 mg/ml), ethanol (25 mg/ml), hexane (100 mg/ml), tetrahydrofuran (10 mg/ml), tween (25 mg/ml), PEG400 (25 mg/ml) nor acetone (25 mg/ml) the test item could be dissolved and sank in all vehicles quickly to the bottom of the tube. DMSO was used as vehicle in this project, since at a dose level of 10 mg/ml using a treatment with ultrasonic waves a homogeneous suspension could be obtained. At concentration of 0.52 mg/ml and higher the test item was suspended in dimethyl sulfoxide. At concentrations of 0.17 mg/ml and lower the test item was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Due to the physical properties of the test item, no workable suspension above 10 mg/ml could be achieved.

Controls

Controls 1

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

2-acetylaminofluorene

Remarks:

with metabolic activation

Controls 2

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

2-nitrofluorene

sodium azide

methylmethanesulfonate

other: ICR-191 9Sigma)

Remarks:

without metabolic activation

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

Rat liver microsomal enzymes (S9 homogenate) were obtained from Trinova Biochem GmbH, Giessen, Germany and were prepared from male Sprague Dawley rats that had been injected intraperitoneally with Aroclor 1254 (500 mg/kg). Each S9 batch is characterised with the mutagens benzo-(a)-pyrene and 2-aminoanthracene, which require metabolic activation, in tester strain TA100 at concentrations of 5 µg/plate and 2.5 µg/plate, respectively.
At least five different doses (increasing with approximately half-log steps) of the test item were tested in triplicate in each strain. In the first mutation experiment, the test item was tested both in the absence and presence of 5% (v/v) S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100 and WP2uvrA. In a follow-up experiment with additional parameters, the test item was tested both in the absence and presence of 10% (v/v) S9-mix in all tester strains.

The negative control (vehicle) and relevant positive controls were concurrently tested in each strain in the presence and absence of S9-mix. In the first mutation experiment an additional solvent control was tested (see deviation 1)

Top agar in top agar tubes was melted by heating to 45 ± 2°C. The following solutions were successively added to 3 ml molten top agar: 0.1 ml of a fresh bacterial culture (109 cells/ml) of one of the tester strains, 0.1 ml to 0.25 ml of a dilution of the test item in DMSO and either 0.5 ml S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer (in case of non-activation assays). The ingredients were mixed on a Vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate. After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0 °C for 48 ± 4 h. After this period revertant colonies (histidine independent (His+) for Salmonella typhimurium bacteria and tryptophan independent (Trp+) for Escherichia coli) were counted.
The revertant colonies were counted automatically with the Sorcerer Colony Counter. Plates with sufficient test item precipitate to interfere with automated colony counting were counted manually. Evidence of test item precipitate on the plates and the condition of the bacterial background lawn were evaluated when considered necessary, macroscopically and/or microscopically by using a dissecting microscope.

Evaluation criteria:

A Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and/or Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay is considered acceptable if it meets the following criteria:
a) The vehicle control and positive control plates from each tester strain (with or without S9-mix) must exhibit a characteristic number of revertant colonies when compared against relevant historical control data generated at WIL Research Europe.
b) The selected dose range should include a clearly toxic concentration or should exhibit limited solubility as demonstrated by the preliminary toxicity range-finding test or should extend to 5 mg/plate.
c) No more than 5% of the plates are lost through contamination or some other unforeseen event. If the results are considered invalid due to contamination, the experiment will be repeated.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

other: only observed in strain TA98 in abscence of S9 at 2500 ug/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

All bacterial strains showed negative responses over the entire dose range, i.e. no significant dose-related increase in the number of revertants in two experiments.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

Based on the results of this study it is concluded that Silicic acid (H4SiO4), zirconium (4+) salt (1:1), reaction products with sodium hydroxide is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.

Executive summary:

Silicic acid (H₄SiO₄), zirconium (4+) salt (1:1), reaction products with sodium hydroxide was tested in theSalmonella typhimuriumreverse mutation assay with four histidine-requiring strains ofSalmonella typhimurium(TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in theEscherichia colireverse mutation assay with a tryptophan-requiring strain ofEscherichia coli(WP₂uvrA). Initially a dose range finding test was performed with the tester strains TA100 and WP₂uvrA. After that the test was performed in two independent experiments in the presence and absence of S9-mix (rat liver S9-mix induced by Aroclor 1254). 

BatchCP2684of the test item was a brown powder. The test item was suspended in dimethyl sulfoxide. No workable suspension above 10 mg/ml could be obtained.

 

In the dose range finding test, the test item was tested up to concentrations of 1000 µg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix in the strains TA100 and WP₂uvrA. The test item did not precipitate on the plates at this dose level. The bacterial background lawn was not reduced at any of the concentrations tested and no biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants was observed.

 

Based on the results of the dose range finding test, the test item was tested in the first mutation assay at a concentration range of 52 to 2500 µg/plate in the absence and presence of 5% (v/v) S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100 and WP₂uvrA. The test item precipitated on the plates at the top dose of 2500 μg/plate. Cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of revertants, was observed in tester strain TA98 in the absence of S9-mix at the highest tested concentration.

  

In a follow-up experiment of the assay with additional parameters, the test item was tested at a concentration range of 200 to 2500 µg/plate in the absence and presence of 10% (v/v) S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100 and WP₂uvrA. The test item precipitated on the plates at the top dose of 2500 μg/plate. Toxicity was observed in tester strain TA98 in the absence of S9-mix at the highest tested concentration.

 

Silicic acid (H₄SiO₄), zirconium (4+) salt (1:1), reaction products with sodium hydroxide did not induce a significant dose-related increase in the number of revertant (His⁺) colonies in each of the four tester strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the number of revertant (Trp⁺) colonies in the tester strain WP₂uvrA both in the absence and presence of S9-metabolic activation. These results were confirmed in a follow-up experiment.

 

In this study, acceptable responses were obtained for the negative and strain-specific positive control items indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.

 

Based on the results of this study it is concluded that Silicic acid (H₄SiO₄), zirconium (4+) salt (1:1), reaction products with sodium hydroxide is not mutagenic in theSalmonella typhimuriumreverse mutation assay and in theEscherichia colireverse mutation assay.