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EC number: 240-539-0 | CAS number: 16484-77-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Density
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- relative density
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 02 February 1999 to 22 June 1999
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 109 (Density of Liquids and Solids)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method A.3 (Relative Density)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 830.7300 (Density / Relative Density / Bulk Density)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of method:
- pycnometer method
- Key result
- Type:
- relative density
- Density:
- 1.31 other: Dimensionless
- Temp.:
- 22 °C
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the study the relative density (D4^22 ) of the test material was found to be 1.31.
- Executive summary:
The relative density of the test material was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 109 and EU Method A.4 and in compliance with GLP using a pycnometer method.
A clean, dry pyknometer was accurately weighed (w1) then filled to the limits of its capacity with 0.1 % v/v Tween 80. It was then carefully stoppered without trapping air, dried and re-weighed (w2).
To the clean, dry and accurately weighed pyknometer, test material (approximately 0.5 g) was added. The pyknometer was re-weighed (w3) and then the test material covered with displacement liquid. After vigorous shaking of the stoppered pyknometer, to suspend the test material, air bubbles were removed by ultrasonification (5 minutes). The pyknometer was filled with displacement liquid, stoppered and weighed as before (w4).
Two tests were performed concurrently using separate pyknometers.
Under the conditions of the study the relative density (D4^22) of the test material was found to be 1.31.
- Endpoint:
- relative density
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 11 April 1990 to 20 August 1990
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 109 (Density of Liquids and Solids)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method A.3 (Relative Density)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA FIFRA Subdivision D § 63-7
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of method:
- pycnometer method
- Key result
- Type:
- relative density
- Density:
- >= 1.281 other: relative
- Temp.:
- 23 °C
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the study the mean relative density of the test material is 1.281 at 23 °C.
- Executive summary:
The relative density of the test material was assessed according to OECD Method 109, EEC Method A3 and EPA FIFRA Subdivision D § 63 -7 and in compliance with GLP using a pyknometer.
The relative density of the test material was determined relative to distilled water using a pyknometer at 23 °C (296 K). Heavy distillate was employed as the displacing liquid. The temperature of determination was 23 °C. The sample was ground to a fine powder pre-treatment.
Under the conditions of the study the mean relative density of the test material is 1.281 at 23 °C.
- Endpoint:
- relative density
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 02 February 1999 to 01 April 1999
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 830.7300 (Density / Relative Density / Bulk Density)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of method:
- pycnometer method
- Key result
- Type:
- relative density
- Density:
- 1.3 other: Dimensionless
- Temp.:
- 22 °C
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the study the relative density (D4^22) of the test material (technical grade) was found to be 1.30.
- Executive summary:
The relative density of the test material was assessed according to EPA OPPTS Guideline 830.7300 and in compliance with GLP using a pyknometer method.
A clean, dry pyknometer was accurately weighed (w1) then filled to the limits of its capacity with 0.1 % v/v Tween 80. It was then carefully stoppered without trapping air, dried and re-weighed (w2).
To the clean, dry and accurately weighed pyknometer, test material (approximately 1 g) was added. The pyknometer was re-weighed (w3) and then the test material covered with displacement liquid. After vigorous shaking of the stoppered pyknometer, to suspend the test material, air bubbles were removed by ultrasonification (5 minutes). The pyknometer was filled with displacement liquid, stoppered and weighed as before (w4). Two tests were performed concurrently using separate pyknometers at 22 °C.
Under the conditions of the study the relative density (D4^22) of the test material (technical grade) was found to be 1.30.- Endpoint:
- relative density
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 April 1994 to 21 April 1994
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 109 (Density of Liquids and Solids)
- Version / remarks:
- 12 May 1981
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method A.3 (Relative Density)
- Version / remarks:
- December 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of method:
- air comparison pycnometer (for solids)
- Key result
- Type:
- density
- Density:
- 1.31 g/cm³
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Key result
- Type:
- relative density
- Density:
- 1.31 other: Dimensionless
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the study the density of the solid test material is 1.31 g/cm^3 (= 1.31 x 10^3 kg/m^3). The relative density (D4^20) is 1.31.
- Executive summary:
The density of the test material was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 109 and in compliance with GLP using a gas comparison pycnometer.
The test cell was pressurised to a pressure of slightly less than 20 psig (1.406 kg/cm^3) and the pressure was read. Subsequently, an extra volume (Va) was added to the pressure system, resulting in a lower pressure, which was read after equilibration of the system.
During the performance of the test, the temperature was measured.
The calibration cell was pressurised, resulting in pressure readings P1 and P2, for the upper and lower pressure readings, respectively.
The volume calibrations were based on a chrome plated calibration cylinder (Vcyl) with a calibrated volume of 71.13 cm^3.
The test procedure was performed, using the calibration cell, containing the calibrated cylinder to obtain pressure readings P3 and P4 for the upper and lower pressure values, respectively.
Pressurisation of the sample cell was performed, resulting in the pressure readings P5 and P6 (upper and lower pressure reading, respectively).
From this, the volume of the sample cell (Vc) was calculated.
The sample cell was weighed, filled with the test material and placed in the stereopycnometer. Then, the test was performed as outlined above, resulting in pressure readings P7 and P8 (upper and lower pressure readings, respectively).
Thereafter the sample cell containing test material was reweighed to determine the mass of the tested test material.
The test procedure as outlined above was repeated using independent test material samples, until reproducible results (deviation in the density ≤ 0.02 g/cm^3 were obtained.
Under the conditions of the study the density of the solid test material is 1.31 g/cm^3 (= 1.31 x 10^3 kg/m^3). The relative density (D4^20) is 1.31.
- Endpoint:
- relative density
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 09 September 1994
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 109 (Density of Liquids and Solids)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- air comparison pycnometer (for solids)
- Key result
- Type:
- density
- Density:
- 1.305 g/cm³
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Key result
- Type:
- relative density
- Density:
- 1.305 other: Dimensionless
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the study, the density of the test material is 1.305 g/cm^3 at 20 °C. The relative density (D4^20) is 1.305.
- Executive summary:
The density of the test material was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 109 and in compliance with GLP using an air comparison pycnometer.
Under the conditions of the study, the density of the test material is 1.305 g/cm^3 at 20 °C. The relative density (D4^20) is 1.305.
- Endpoint:
- relative density
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 15 December 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 109 (Density of Liquids and Solids)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- air comparison pycnometer (for solids)
- Key result
- Type:
- density
- Density:
- 1.289 g/cm³
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Key result
- Type:
- relative density
- Density:
- 1.289 other: Dimensionless
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the study the density of the test material is 1.289 g/cm^3. The relative density (D4^20) of the test sample is 1.289
- Executive summary:
The density of the test material was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 109 and in compliance with GLP using an air comparison pycnometer at 20 °C.
Under the conditions of the study the density of the test material is 1.289 g/cm^3. The relative density (D4^20) of the test sample is 1.289
- Endpoint:
- bulk density
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 14 December 1003
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- CIPAC MT 186 (Bulk Density)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: CF/P 041
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- other: Not specified.
- Key result
- Type:
- bulk density
- Remarks:
- Loose
- Density:
- 714 g/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: Temperature not specified.
- Key result
- Type:
- bulk density
- Remarks:
- Tapped
- Density:
- 784 g/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: Temperature not specified.
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the study the bulk density of the test material is 714 g/L loose and 784 g/L tapped.
- Executive summary:
The bulk density of the test material was assessed according to CIPAC MT 58.4 and in compliance with GLP.
Under the conditions of the study the bulk density of the test material is 714 g/L loose and 784 g/L tapped.
Referenceopen allclose all
Results
Parameter |
Determination 1 |
Determination 2 |
w1 |
14.80069 |
13.42254 |
w2 |
24.49746 |
23.28851 |
w3 |
15.31493 |
13.92855 |
w4 |
24.62874 |
23.40244 |
W1 |
9.69677 |
9.86597 |
W2 |
0.51424 |
0.50601 |
W3 |
9.31382 |
9.47389 |
W4 |
0.38295 |
0.39208 |
Vs |
0.3837 |
0.3929 |
D4^T |
1.340 |
1.288 |
Mean D4^T |
1.31 |
Parameter |
Determination 1 |
Determination 2 |
W1 |
14.77237 |
15.37930 |
W2 |
15.79728 |
16.68333 |
W3 |
22.63952 |
23.82390 |
W4 |
22.24049 |
23.31452 |
W5 |
24.32685 |
25.53593 |
W1 |
9.55448 |
10.15663 |
W2 |
7.46812 |
7.93522 |
W3 |
1.02491 |
1.30403 |
W4 |
6.84224 |
7.14057 |
W5 |
0.62588 |
0.79465 |
ρ1^T |
0.78164 |
0.78128 |
x̅ ρ1^T |
0.78146 |
|
Vs |
0.80091 |
1.01688 |
D4^T |
1.27968 (1.280) |
1.28239 (1.282) |
x̅ D4^T |
1.28103 (1.281) |
Results
Parameter |
Determination 1 |
Determination 2 |
w1 |
14.80058 |
13.42249 |
w2 |
24.50973 |
23.27521 |
w3 |
15.88202 |
14.42026 |
w4 |
24.7534 |
23.50819 |
W1 |
9.70915 |
9.85272 |
W2 |
1.08144 |
0.99777 |
W3 |
8.87138 |
9.08793 |
W4 |
0.83777 |
0.76479 |
Vs |
0.8394 |
0.7663 |
D4^T |
1.288 |
1.302 |
Average D4^T |
1.30 |
The density of the test material was determined using the gas comparison method.
The results of the calibration procedure meet the NOTOX criteria (Va: 86.50 ± 0.15, Vc: 33.50 ± 0.15).
The determination of the density was performed in duplicate.
Temperature of measurements was 20.0 ± 1.0 °C.
Results of the Calibration
A. Calibration of Va
Calibration volume (Vcyl): 71.13 cm^3
Gas: Helium
Experiment Number |
P1 [psig] |
P2 [psig) |
P3 [psig] |
P4 [psig] |
Va [cm^3] |
1 |
19.326 |
12.402 |
19.503 |
9.603 |
86.62 |
B. Calibration of the Small Sample Cell
Added volume (Va): 86.62 cm^3
Gas: Helium
Experiment Number |
P5 [psig] |
P6 [psig] |
Vc [cm^3] |
1 |
19.618 |
5.483 |
33.60 |
Determination of the Density of the Test Material (Measurement 1)
Sample mass: 1.7781 g
Added volume (Va): 86.62 cm^3
Cell holder volume (Vc): 33.60 cm^3
Gas: Helium
Experiment Number |
P7 [psig] |
Pa [psig] |
Vp [cm^3] |
Density [g/cm^3] |
1 2 |
19.499 19.404 |
5.290 5.263 |
1.351 1.362 |
1.316 1.306 |
Mean |
1.311 |
Determination of the Density of the Test Material (Measurement 2)
Sample mass: 2.0779 g
Added volume (Va): 86.62 cm^3
Cell holder volume (Vc): 33.60 cm^3
Gas: Helium
Experiment Number |
P7 [psig] |
Pa [psig] |
Vp [cm^3] |
Density [g/cm^3] |
1 2 |
19.346 19.376 |
5.220 5.227 |
1.591 1.600 |
1.307 1.300 |
Mean |
1.304 |
Determination of the Density of the Test Material
Measurement |
Density [g/cm^3 ] |
1 2 |
1.311 1.304 |
Mean |
1.308 |
The density of the test sample is 1.305 g/cm^3.
The relative density (D4^20) of the test sample is 1.305
The density of the test sample is 1.289 g/cm^3.
The relative density (D4^20) of the test sample is 1.289.
Description of key information
Comb (2000b)
Under the conditions of the study the relative density (D4^22) of the test material was found to be 1.31.
O'Connor (1990)
Under the conditions of the study the mean relative density of the test material is 1.281 at 23 °C.
Comb (2000c)
Under the conditions of the study the relative density (D4^22) of the test material (technical grade) was found to be 1.30.
Van Helvoirt (1994)
Under the conditions of the study the density of the solid test material is 1.31 g/cm^3 (= 1.31 x 10^3 kg/m^3). The relative density (D4^20) is 1.31.
Supporting Study: Kröhl (1994)
Under the conditions of the study, the density of the test material is 1.305 g/cm^3 at 20 °C. The relative density (D4^20) is 1.305.
Supporting Study: Kästel (1994)
Under the conditions of the study the density of the test material is 1.289 g/cm^3. The relative density (D4^20) of the test sample is 1.289
Supporting Study: Kästel (1994)
Under the conditions of the study the bulk density of the test material is 714 g/L loose and 784 g/L tapped.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Relative density at 20C:
- 1.3
Additional information
Comb (2000b)
The relative density of the test material was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 109 and EU Method A.4 and in compliance with GLP using a pycnometer method. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
A clean, dry pyknometer was accurately weighed (w1) then filled to the limits of its capacity with 0.1 % v/v Tween 80. It was then carefully stoppered without trapping air, dried and re-weighed (w2).
To the clean, dry and accurately weighed pyknometer, test material (approximately 0.5 g) was added. The pyknometer was re-weighed (w3) and then the test material covered with displacement liquid. After vigorous shaking of the stoppered pyknometer, to suspend the test material, air bubbles were removed by ultrasonification (5 minutes). The pyknometer was filled with displacement liquid, stoppered and weighed as before (w4).
Two tests were performed concurrently using separate pyknometers.
Under the conditions of the study the relative density (D4^22) of the test material was found to be 1.31.
O'Connor (1990)
The relative density of the test material was assessed according to OECD Method 109, EEC Method A3 and EPA FIFRA Subdivision D § 63 -7 and in compliance with GLP using a pyknometer. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
The relative density of the test material was determined relative to distilled water using a pyknometer at 23 °C (296 K). Heavy distillate was employed as the displacing liquid. The temperature of determination was 23 °C. The sample was ground to a fine powder pre-treatment.
Under the conditions of the study the mean relative density of the test material is 1.281 at 23 °C.
Comb (2000c)
The relative density of the test material was assessed according to EPA OPPTS Guideline 830.7300 and in compliance with GLP using a pyknometer method. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
A clean, dry pyknometer was accurately weighed (w1) then filled to the limits of its capacity with 0.1 % v/v Tween 80. It was then carefully stoppered without trapping air, dried and re-weighed (w2).
To the clean, dry and accurately weighed pyknometer, test material (approximately 1 g) was added. The pyknometer was re-weighed (w3) and then the test material covered with displacement liquid. After vigorous shaking of the stoppered pyknometer, to suspend the test material, air bubbles were removed by ultrasonification (5 minutes). The pyknometer was filled with displacement liquid, stoppered and weighed as before (w4). Two tests were performed concurrently using separate pyknometers at 22 °C.
Under the conditions of the study the relative density (D4^22) of the test material (technical grade) was found to be 1.30.
Van Helvoirt (1994)
The density of the test material was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 109 and in compliance with GLP using a gas comparison pycnometer. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
The test cell was pressurised to a pressure of slightly less than 20 psig (1.406 kg/cm^3) and the pressure was read. Subsequently, an extra volume (Va) was added to the pressure system, resulting in a lower pressure, which was read after equilibration of the system.
During the performance of the test, the temperature was measured.
The calibration cell was pressurised, resulting in pressure readings P1 and P2, for the upper and lower pressure readings, respectively.
The volume calibrations were based on a chrome plated calibration cylinder (Vcyl) with a calibrated volume of 71.13 cm^3.
The test procedure was performed, using the calibration cell, containing the calibrated cylinder to obtain pressure readings P3 and P4 for the upper and lower pressure values, respectively.
Pressurisation of the sample cell was performed, resulting in the pressure readings P5 and P6 (upper and lower pressure reading, respectively).
From this, the volume of the sample cell (Vc) was calculated.
The sample cell was weighed, filled with the test material and placed in the stereopycnometer. Then, the test was performed as outlined above, resulting in pressure readings P7 and P8 (upper and lower pressure readings, respectively).
Thereafter the sample cell containing test material was reweighed to determine the mass of the tested test material.
The test procedure as outlined above was repeated using independent test material samples, until reproducible results (deviation in the density ≤ 0.02 g/cm^3 were obtained.
Under the conditions of the study the density of the solid test material is 1.31 g/cm^3 (= 1.31 x 10^3 kg/m^3). The relative density (D4^20) is 1.31.
Supporting Study: Kröhl (1994)
The density of the test material was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 109 and in compliance with GLP using an air comparison pycnometer. The study was awarded a reliability score of 2 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
Under the conditions of the study, the density of the test material is 1.305 g/cm^3 at 20 °C. The relative density (D4^20) is 1.305.
Supporting Study: Kästel (1994)
The density of the test material was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 109 and in compliance with GLP using an air comparison pycnometer at 20 °C. The study was awarded a reliability score of 2 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
Under the conditions of the study the density of the test material is 1.289 g/cm^3. The relative density (D4^20) of the test sample is 1.289
Supporting Study: Kästel (1994)
The bulk density of the test material was assessed according to CIPAC MT 58.4 and in compliance with GLP. The study was awarded a reliability score of 2 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
Under the conditions of the study the bulk density of the test material is 714 g/L loose and 784 g/L tapped.
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