Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 253-425-0 | CAS number: 37247-91-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Health surveillance data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- health surveillance data
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- no data available
- Reliability:
- other: high
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Well-documented study on the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among cement workers. However, no dust concentrations were measured. Local effects in the respiratory tract following inhalation of lime dust are attributed to the alkaline reaction of lime in contact with water (in this case the humidity of mucous membranes). Addition of water to cement or Portland cement can raise the pH to values exceed 13, thus giving a more alkaline mixture than that from CaO and Ca(OH)2. Since pH change is the primary adverse effect leading to irritation of the mucosa and impaired ventilatory function, (Portland) cement can be used as a surrogate to predict effects and safe exposure levels for lime. The following additional information should be considered: (Portland) cement contains hexavalent chromium which is, however, not contained in lime at significant concentrations. Until the addition of ferrous sulphate became a common procedure, cement contained about 5-10 mg Cr(VI)/kg of cement; a content of 20 mg Cr(VI)/kg has also been reported . After the addition of ferrous sulphate, the level of Cr(VI) decreased to less than 2 mg/kg. This reasoning was also used by the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL) in their recommendation occupational exposure limits for calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) (see 7.5.3, Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation). The current paper was considered by SCOEL for establishing the STEL and the 8 h TWA OEL for lime, employing read-across from (Portland) cement to lime.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Respiratory illnesses and ventilatory function among workers at a cement factory in a rapidly developing country
- Author:
- Al-Neaimi, Y.I.; et al.
- Year:
- 2 001
- Bibliographic source:
- Occup. Med. 51, 367-373
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- health record from industry
- Endpoint addressed:
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Cross-sectional study on respiratory system effects of Portland cement workers.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- cement dust
- IUPAC Name:
- cement dust
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Cement dust
No further details are given.
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- The cohort for analysis consisted of 67 male workers from a cement factory in United Arab Emirates and 134 subjects without any exposure to dust, fumes or gases. The mean age was 44.4 ± 7.55 and 44.23 ± 9.93 years for the exposed and unexposed subjects, respectively. The mean years of work in the current job were 11.4 ± 5.2 and 13.5 ± 3.8 years, respectively.
Information on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking profile, respiratory history, a general health profile and a current health status was collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. In the ventilatory function test, three reproducible tracings were obtained. The vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FCV), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and ratios of forced expiratory volume to vial capacity (FEV1/VC) and forced expiratory volume to vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) were measured.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- A higher percentage of the exposed workers reported recurrent and prolonged cough, phlegm, wheezing, dyspnoea, bronchitis, sinusitis, shortness of breath and bronchial asthma compared with the respective percentage of the non-exposed group.
Ventilatory function (VC, FCV, FEV1, FEV1/VC, FEV1/FVC and PEF) was significantly lower in the exposed workers compared with non-exposed group. These differences could not be explained by age, body mass index or packed-years smoked.
Ventilatory function, as measured by FEV1/FVC, showed that 36 % of the exposed workers had some impairment compared with 10 % of those unexposed.
The mean differences in the pulmonary function values among the exposed smokers and non-smokers and among the non-exposed smokers and non-smokers were not statistically significant in terms of 95% confidence intervals. However, among the smokers, the exposed workers had significantly lower values for FEV1, FEV1/VC, FEV1/FVC and PEF compared with the unexposed smokers.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The data suggest that occupational exposure to cement dust may lead to higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and impairment of ventilatory function.
However, due to lack of information on exposure levels, the usefulness of this study is limited.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.