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EC number: 200-001-8 | CAS number: 50-00-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Acute toxicity
There are several data available on acute aquatic toxicity of the test item for a variety of freshwater algae, microorganisms, invertebrates and fish
Fish:
Several publications are available which assessed the acute toxicity of the test item to different fresh- and saltwater fish species.
The acute effect values for freshwater species ranged from LC50 = 13.5 mg/L to 122.1 mg/L and were derived from different experimental set-ups and exposure times (48, 72 and 96 h). The effect value for Pimephales promelas (Geiger, 1990) with an LC50 (96 h) = 24.1 mg/L was selected for further assessment due to high relevance and reliability.
The test item showed a slightly higher toxicity to saltwater fish. the observed effect values ranged from 6.7 mg/L to 212 mg/L. The most sensitive saltwater species was Morone saxtalis with an LC50 (96 h) of 6.7 mg/L (Wellborn, 1969). This valuewas selected as key value for marine fish and was used for further assessment.
The test item is acutely harmful to freshwater fish based on several experimental results with different species and acute toxic to marine fish.
Aquatic invertebrates:
Several publications are available which assessed the acute toxicity of the test item to different aquatic fresh- and saltwater invertebrate species.
The most sensitive freshwater species was Daphnia pulex with an EC50 (48 h) of 5.8 mg/L (Tisler, 1997). Similar effect values were published for marine invertebrates. The most sensitive organism was Pinctada fucata martensii (1-year-olds) with a LC50(96 h) =5.3 mg/L. The test item is acutely toxic for marine and freshwater invertebrates (Takayanagi, 2000).
Algae:
Several publications regarding the toxicity to algae are available. The most sensitive species was Desmodesmus subspicatus with an EC50 (72h) of 4.89 mg/L (Eisentraeger et al.,2003). The test item is acutely toxic to aquatic algae.
The most sensitive organisms in the acute studies were invertebrates and algae with similar effect values. Based on these values the test item is acutely toxic to aquatic organisms.
Chronic toxicity
There are only adequate experimental chronic data available for aquatic invertebrates. From a reliable experimental study with Daphnia magna the most sensitive endpoint was chosen for further assessment (SGS, 2008). Based on the age of first reproduction a NOEC of 1.04 mg/L was determined. No experimental chronic values are available for aquatic algae but statistical estimations based acute experimental data showed good correlation and an NOEC of 0.80 mg/L was estimated (Chen et al., 2009). This assumption is within the same range than the experimental achieved effect value for aquatic invertebrates. No adequate chronic data with fish are available for assessment. Only a prolonged acute study with Danio rerio is available. In this study an LC 50 of 6.9 mg/L was determined after 144 h. Since algae and invertebrates showed a higher sensitivity in the acute values than fish a chronic study with fish will not reveal new findings with a high probability.
Other
Bacteria:
Formaldehyde is used as a disinfectant to kill viruses, bacteria and fungi. Studies on the toxicity of formaldehyde towards microorganisms in sewage treatment plants demonstrated that this substance was harmful to activated sludge with an EC50 (3h) of 19 mg/L (Klecka et al., 1985). The EC10 (120 h) was 14.7 mg/L (Tisler, 1997). Depending on local conditions and existing concentrations, disturbances in the biodegradation process of activated sludge are possible
Toxicity to other aquatic organisms:
The toxiciity to tadopoles of different species was tested (Helms 1967). The most sensitive species was Rana papiens with an LC50 (72h) = 8.7 mg/L. The data are not required under REACh and therefore not used for further assessment. Nevertheless the effect values are within the same range as for other aqutic species and are not lower than the most sensitive species (Daphnia magna NOEC(21 d) = 1.04 mg/L)
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