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EC number: 233-020-5 | CAS number: 10022-31-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline test, but conducted in a natural soil that promotes bioavailability of metal cations (e.g., Ba): relatively low pH , low organic matter, low cation exchange capacity, and high sand content
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 28-d collembolan reproduction test (Folsomia candida), measuring adult survival and juvenile production.
Method was modified for use with natural soil having physical and chemical characteristics that support a relatively high level of metal bioavailability. Modifications included different soil hydration levels. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Application method:
- soil
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Folsomia candida
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- no data provided
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- control soil pH: 5.29
pH decreased with increasing substance-levels, but the decrease was less than 1 pH-unit - Humidity:
- according to guideline specification (88% of the water holding capacity)
- Details on test conditions:
- soil type: Sassafras sandy loam SSL (fine-loamy, siliceous, mesic Typic Hapludult), collected from open grassland field; 71% sand, 18% silt, 11% caly, 1.2% organic matter, 4.3 cmol/kg CEC
- 7-9 test concentrations (not specified)
- 4 replicates/concentration
- no further details are provided
- soils were aged and weathered for 3 weeks - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 7-9 concentrations; exact nominal/measured levels not specified
measured range: 34 (control) -1560 mg/kg - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- carbamate
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 211 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 375 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 211 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 375 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 165 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: 49-281
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 478 mg/kg soil ww
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: 325-632
- Details on results:
- Good overal agreement among nominal and measured concentrations was noted.
Ba-background in SSL soil was 34 mg/kg
Barium concentrations (in excess of background) in the experimental treatments ranged from 88 to 139%, and averaged 111% of nominal. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Toxicity data were analyzed using non-linear regression models. Variances of the residuals were examined to decide wether to weight the data and to select potential models. The logistic (Gompertz) model was used.
Analysis of variance was used to determine the bounded NOEC and LOEC for adult survival or reproduction data. Mean separations were determined using Fisher's least-significant-difference pairwise comparison tests. - Conclusions:
- A guideline study with the collembolan Folsomia candida, using a natural soil, has been conducted with barium nitrate. NOEC, LOEC, EC20 and EC50 values - based on measured levels - are reported for survival and/or reproduction. Data can be used for the effects assessment of barium in the terrestrial compartment. Results of definitive tests produced bounded NOEC and LOEC values for adult survival and reproduction of 211 and 375 mg Ba/kg soil dw, respectively.
Reference
Description of key information
A guideline study with the collembolan Folsomia candida has been conducted with barium (Kuperman et al., 2006). NOEC, LOEC, EC20 and EC50 values - based on measured levels - are reported for survival and/or reproduction. A long-term NOEC for both mortality and reproduction of 211 mg Ba/kg soil dw was obtained and can be considered as key value for this endpoint. The data can be used for the effect assessment of barium in the terrestrial compartment.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil dwelling arthropods:
- 211 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
One study was available to cover this endpoint. The key study is a study from Kuperman et al. (2006). This study was designed to produce benchmark data for the development of Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs) for Ba, Be, Mn and Sb for soil organisms.
A guideline study with the collembolan Folsomia candida, using natural soil, has been conducted with barium nitrate in this study, yielding a NOEC and LOEC for both mortality and reproduction of 211 and 375 mg Ba/kg soil dw.
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