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EC number: 206-992-3 | CAS number: 420-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2001
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 207 (Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- No sampling
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - In the test a mixture AHL and 22 % (w/w) of the cyanamide solution ”SKW Cyanamid L500” was used
- The study is an artificial soil test - Test organisms (species):
- Eisenia fetida
- Animal group:
- annelids
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Test temperature:
- Not indicated
- pH:
- Not indicated
- Moisture:
- Not indicated
- Details on test conditions:
- Four replicates of 10 clitellated adult earthworms were each exposed to nominal concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL/kg dry soil weight (ppm in dry soil). Controls were replicated 4 times, with 10 earthworms in each replicate. The toxic reference standard was tested at 5 rates in a separate study. Worms were assessed for mortality and sublethal effects after 7 and 14 days of exposure and earthworm body weights were assessed at day 0 and day 14.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL/kg dry soil weight (ppm in dry soil).
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Key result
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 111.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: corresponding to 1000 mg/kg soil dw of test material
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: weight loss
- Key result
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- behaviour
- Details on results:
- No significant sublethal behavioural effects were observed up to a rate of 500 mg SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL/kg dry soil weight. At an application rate of 1000 mg SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL /kg dry soil weight, a significant cumulative weight loss of -69.7 % was observed. The LC50 for the toxic reference standard was 21.1 mg/kg soil dry weight; this is within accepted limits indicating the validity of this test.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The LC50 for the toxic reference standard was 21.1 mg/kg soil dry weight; this is within accepted limits indicating the validity of this test.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The test group results were significantly different compared to the control by the Dunnett test, α=0.05
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The acute earthworm LC50 of SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL was determined to be > 111.3 mg/kg dry soil (active substance cyanamide), the highest rate tested.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL to earthworms, Eisenia fetida, was determined in a 14-day soil exposure laboratory study. Four replicates of 10 clitellated adult earthworms were each exposed to nominal concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL/kg dry soil weight (ppm in dry soil). Controls were replicated 4 times, with 10 earthworms in each replicate. The toxic reference standard was tested at 5 rates in a separate study. Worms were assessed for mortality and sublethal effects after 7 and 14 days of exposure and earthworm body weights were assessed at day 0 and day 14. No significant sublethal behavioural effects were observed up to a rate of 500 mg SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL/kg dry soil weight. At an application rate of 1000 mg SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL /kg dry soil weight, a significant cumulative weight loss of 69.7 % was observed. The LC50 for the toxic reference standard was 21.1 mg/kg soil dry weight; this is within accepted limits indicating the validity of this test.
It can be concluded that the acute earthworm LC50 of SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL was determined to be > 111.3 mg/kg dry soil (active substance cyanamide), the highest rate tested.
Reference
Acute toxicity of SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL to earthworms:
Treatment | Cumulative Mortality (%)a | Cumulative Weight Loss (%)b | |
(mg SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL/kg dry soil) | 7 days | 14 days | 14 days |
0 | 0 | 0 | - |
62.5 | 0 | 0 | 3.4 |
125 | 0 | 0 | 33.1 |
250 | 0 | 0 | 26.2 |
500 | 0 | 2.5 | 12.4 |
1000 | 0 | 0 | -69.7* |
Description of key information
The acute toxicity effects of cyanamide on earthworms were tested in a 14-day laboratory study. The LC50 observed after 14 days of incubation was > 111.3 mg/kg dry soil (active substance cyanamide), the highest rate tested. The long-term toxicity effects of cyanamide on earthworms were tested in a study according to OECD guideline 222 (Earthworm Reproduction Test). The NOEC for biomass (28 d), mortality (28 d) and reproduction (56 d) was determined to be ≥ 1.05 mg a.s./kg soil (dw), the highest dos tested. This value was not considered relevant for chemical safety assessment, for justification please refer to IUCLID section 6.3 (Enpoint summary for terrestrial toxicity).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for soil macroorganisms:
- 111.3 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
The acute toxicity of cyanamide (SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL (synonymous to urea ammonium nitrate)) to earthworms, Eisenia fetida, was determined in a 14-day soil exposure laboratory study. Four replicates of 10 clitellated adult earthworms were each exposed to nominal concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL/kg dry soil weight (ppm in dry soil). Controls were replicated 4 times, with 10 earthworms in each replicate. The toxic reference standard was tested at 5 rates in a separate study. Worms were assessed for mortality and sublethal effects after 7 and 14 days of exposure and earthworm body weights were assessed at day 0 and day 14. No significant sublethal behavioural effects were observed up to a rate of 500 mg SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL/kg dry soil weight. At an application rate of 1000 mg SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL /kg dry soil weight, a significant cumulative weight loss of 69.7 % was observed. It can be concluded that the LC50 for the toxic reference standard was 21.1 mg/kg soil dry weight; this is within accepted limits indicating the validity of this test. It can be concluded that the acute earthworm LC50 of SKW Cyanamid L500 + AHL was determined to be > 111.3 mg/kg dry soil (active substance cyanamide), the highest rate tested.
The long-term toxicity effects of cyanamide (50 % aqueous solution) on earthworms were tested in a study according to OECD guideline 222 (Earthworm Reproduction Test). The purpose of this study was to determine a NOEC/LOEC and if possible, an EC10, EC20 and EC50 value for reproduction (56 days after application) and a NOEC/LOEC value for mortality and the biomass development (28 days after application) of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Lumbricidae) using a standard LUFA 2.2 soil. The test item was mixed with the substrate. The earthworm Eisenia fetida (Lumbricidae) was chosen as a representative of the soil fauna. Biomass, mortality and reproduction were not affected by the treatment. Therefore, the NOEC for biomass (28 d), mortality (28 d) and reproduction (56 d) was determined to be ≥ 1.05 mg a.s./kg soil (dw), the highest dos tested. This value was not considered reliable due to significant methodological deficiencies and thus regarded not relevant for chemical safety assessment (please also refer to IUCLID section 6.3 (Enpoint summary for terrestrial toxicity).
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