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EC number: 294-799-5 | CAS number: 91770-15-9 A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by subjecting a petroleum distillate to a sweetening process to convert mercaptans or to remove acidic impurities. It consists predominantly of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C9 through C16 and boiling in the range of 130°C to 290°C (266°F to 554°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Prevalence of probable kerosene dermatoses among ball-bearing factory workers
- Author:
- Jee, S-H., Wang, J-D., Sun, C_C and Chao, Y-F.
- Year:
- 1 985
- Bibliographic source:
- Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, Volume 12, Pages 61-65
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- other: Occupational Epidemiological Study
- Endpoint addressed:
- skin irritation / corrosion
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Occupational study of workers exposed dermally to kerosine during ball bearing manufacture
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- most likely 8008-20-6
- IUPAC Name:
- most likely 8008-20-6
- Reference substance name:
- Kerosine
- IUPAC Name:
- Kerosine
- Test material form:
- other: low viscosity liquid hydrocarbon
- Details on test material:
- The kerosene used is produced by the China Petroleum Company in Taiwan, Republic of China.
It is composed of paraffin (about 60 volume %), aromatic hydrocarbons (about 20 volume %), and a saturated cyclic compound
The sulfur content is less than 0.1 %.
The boiling point ranges from 150 to 235°C
Flash point is 38-71 °C
The octane hydrocarbon value is 25-35
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Exposure assessment:
- estimated
- Details on exposure:
- Consultation with plant safety personnel allowed the exposure categories to be classified as heavy and light. Workers considered to be in the heavily exposed group were those involved with both process Band C within the same day. Their hands were exposed directly to kerosene about 5 h daily. In processes A, D, and E workers were less exposed because these procedures were carried out mainly by machine, and the ball-bearings were dried onceafter process D. Thus, among the 79 female workers in the assembling department of the ball-bearing factory, 34 were classified as heavily exposed,
and the other 45 as lightly exposed. - Statistical methods:
- The prevalence rates of dermatoses among the workers with kerosene exposure and the reference group (from zipper manufacturing company, not exposed to Kerosine) were compared. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (Mantel-Haenszel chi square = 22.9. p<0.001). The prevalence rate of dermatoses was high for both the heavily exposed group and the lightly exposed group (91 and 78 %). respectively) and the difference between the two was not statistically significant.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- The difference between highly exposed group and the reference group was statistically significant (Mantel-Haenszel chi square = 22.9. p<0.001). Theprevalence rate of dermatoses was high for both the heavily exposed group and the lightly exposed group (91 and 78 %, respectively) and the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The most common finding was erythema with or without fine desquamation over the interdigital spaces. Eczema was the next most common finding. Defatting dermatitis was also noted, but it was uncommon. The five volunteers who worked in processes Band C with bare hands all developed pain on the second day. On the third day, all developed edema of the hands and blistering over interdigitalspaces. The trial was stopped immediately. The blisters later ruptured, leaving a raw surface.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The findings indicate that kerosine is a skin irritant. Antirust oil used on ball-bearings may also contribute to the irritant effect.
- Executive summary:
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dermatoses among workers in a ball-bearing factory and its possible association with their exposure to kerosine.
Two groups of female workers participated in the study. The first group included 79 persons with major kerosine exposure during work, while the second, a reference group, was composed of 263 zipper-manufacturing workers with a similar age distribution, educational background, and income. Dermatologic examinations were used to determine the prevalence rate of hand dermatoses (erythema, scaling and eczema). In the exposed group 51 persons (65%) had erythema with or without desquamation over the interdigital spaces, 12 persons (15%) had eczematous lesions, 3 persons (4%) had defatting dermatitis, and only 13 persons (16%) were apparently asymptomatic. In the reference group only one person had hand eczema (<1%). The difference in the occurrence of dermatoses between the two groups was significant according to the Mantel-Haenszel summary chi-square test. Patch tests on five workers with eczematous lesions revealed one to be sensitive to mercury.The findings indicate that kerosine is a skin irritant. Antirust oil used on ball-bearings may also contribute to the irritant effect.
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