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EC number: 266-012-5 | CAS number: 65996-78-3 The volatile organic liquid extracted from the gas evolved in the high temperature (greater than 700°C (1292°F)) destructive distillation of coal. Composed primarily of benzene, toluene, and xylenes. May contain other minor hydrocarbon constituents.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 12 Aug. - 12 Nov. 2007
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 007
- Report date:
- 2007
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Distillates (coal tar), benzole fraction
- EC Number:
- 283-482-7
- EC Name:
- Distillates (coal tar), benzole fraction
- Cas Number:
- 84650-02-2
- Molecular formula:
- not applicable
- IUPAC Name:
- Distillates (coal tar), benzole fraction
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): light oil
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): not applicable
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): not applicable
- Substance type: organic
- Physical state: liquid
- Stability under test conditions: WAF (water accommodated fraction) limited
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature, exclusion of light
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples for TOC-analysis were taken at 0 h and 72 h (TOC-Analyser (DIMA-TOC 100).
Measurements of the cell concentrations per mL: at time 24 h, 48 h and 72 h by optical densitometry at 525 nm
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) prepared by stirring various amounts of the test item in Alga-medium
for 24 h with magnetic stirrers (open conditions). The WAFs were prepared in 2-L glass beakers.
The beakers were equipped with a glass tube that allowed the separation of the water phase by siphoning.
The test loading rates of Light Oil were put directly into the beakers. The beakers were then filled with Alga-medium.
Mixing was carried out at a speed that was slow enough not to cause dispersion or emulsification of the undissolved fraction
of the test item. To ensure this, the vortex developed at the surface by stirring was set at ~ 10 % of the water depth.
After stirring for 24 h the WAFs were allowed to stand for 1 h before use to facilitate phase separation.
The extracts gained with this method were clear.
- Pre-conditioning: The test vessels of the Definite Alga-Test were rinsed with control media and WAFs for ca. 0.5 h before the definite
start of the tests to facilitate adsorption of the test item to the glass walls of the beakers.
Control media and WAFs were then discarded, and the test vessels were refilled again with control media and WAFs, respectively.
- Differential loading: control, 10, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 250 mg/L, and 500 mg/L
- Controls: without test material (blank; Alga medium)
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): none
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): no
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: unicellular green alga
- Strain: : SAG 86.81
- Source: Albrecht von Haller Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften der Universität Göttingen
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): ca. 72 h
[Pre-culture: Incubation in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks at ± 25 °C on a shaker
(80 - 120 rpm), ca. 72 h, ca. 10000 lux (Gro-Lux fluorescent tubes), permanent illumination]
- Method of cultivation: Sterile on agar tubes (OECD-Medium, 0.8 % Agar), transferred to a new agar tube every 2 months
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- no data specified: Compositions of stock solutions given.
- Test temperature:
- 23.9 - 24.7 °C (25 +-2°C)
- pH:
- initial (with algae): 7.8
final (with algae): 10.2 (control); 8.6 (10 mg/L); 8.1 (25 mg/L); 8.1 (50 mg/L); 7.9 (100 mg/L); 8.1 (250 mg/L); 7.9 (500 mg/L) - Salinity:
- no data specified: Compositions of stock solutions given.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Time [h] Control 10 mg/L 100 mg/L 500 mg/L loading
=====================================================
0 1.0 1.0 1.9 7.1 mgC/mL (TOC of WAFs)
72 0.6 1.1 2.5 8.1 mgC/mL (TOC of WAFs)
=====================================================
The oil-related TOC was about 0 mg C/L for 10 mg oil/L, 1.0 mg C/L for 100 mg/L, and 7.0 mg C/L for 500 mg oil/L. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL-Erlenmeyer
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: approx. 5000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: approx. 341500 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: deionised
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: permanent
- Light intensity and quality: approx. 10000 Lux (Gro-Lux fluorescent tubes)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: densitometrically at 525 nm (turbidity)
- Chlorophyll measurement: no
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2 and 2.5
- Range finding study
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: based on results from daphnia test
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 23 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- < 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- >= 250 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: biomass and growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- < 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: biomass and growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass (cell yield)
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): by microscopy at the end of the testing period of 72 h:
Control: Appearance of alga cells was normal, cell proliferations could be observed regularly.
10 mg/L: Comparable to control, lower number of cells.
25 mg/L: Comparable to 10 mg/L, only a few cell proliferations could be observed.
50 mg/L: Alga cells were slightly deformed, cell proliferations could not be observed.
100 mg/L: Comparable to 50 mgL
250 mg/L: Comparable to 50 mgL, lower number of cells.
500 mg/L: Comparable to 50 mgL, very low number of cells. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No data: due to high fluctuation of cell number in single replicate tests at the low concentrations statistics were not considered reasonable and reliable.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Growth rates are listed below, from 0 -24, 24 - 48, and 48 - 72 h (Table 1) and average from 0 - 72 h (Table 2):
Table 1: Loading rates of the Test item, cells/mL in the test flasks at 24, 48 and 72 h with mean value,
section-by-section average specific growth rate [μ] during observation times 0-24 h, 24-48 h
and 48-72 h, mean value of the average specific growth rate [μ], standard deviation and
coefficient of variation Vc [%], inhibition [%] and mean value of inhibition of the average
specific growth rate [%] during observation times 0-24 h, 24-48 h and 48-72 h (Rep. Tab. 3)
[Note: Negative inhibition means increased growth, apparently stimulation]
Loading rate [mg/L] |
Cells / mL |
Cells / mL Mean value |
Average Specific growth rate [µ] |
Average Specific growth rate [µ] Mean value |
Standard deviation |
Coefficient of variation Vc [%] |
Inhibition of Average Specific [%] |
Inhibition of Average Specific growth rate Mean value [%] |
24 h |
||||||||
Control 1 |
18746 |
19836 |
1.32 |
1.38 |
0.09 |
6.75 |
||
Control 2 |
22015 |
1.48 |
||||||
Control 3 |
18746 |
1.32 |
||||||
10 |
15518 |
14456 |
1.13 |
1.06 |
0.13 |
12.6 |
17.6 |
13.2 |
10 |
15518 |
1.13 |
17.6 |
|||||
10 |
12332 |
0.90 |
34.4 |
|||||
25 |
15518 |
14456 |
1.13 |
1.06 |
0.13 |
12.6 |
17.6 |
13.2 |
25 |
12332 |
0.90 |
34.4 |
|||||
25 |
15518 |
1.13 |
17.6 |
|||||
50 |
9187 |
9187 |
0.61 |
0.61 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
55.8 |
55.8 |
50 |
9187 |
0.61 |
55.8 |
|||||
50 |
9187 |
0.61 |
55.8 |
|||||
100 |
12332 |
11284 |
0.90 |
0.80 |
0.17 |
21.1 |
34.4 |
41.5 |
100 |
9187 |
0.61 |
55.8 |
|||||
100 |
12332 |
0.90 |
34.4 |
|||||
250 |
3021 |
5063 |
0.00 * |
0.13 |
0.12 |
86.6 |
100 |
90.5 |
250 |
6083 |
0.20 |
85.7 |
|||||
250 |
6083 |
0.20 |
85.7 |
|||||
500 |
6083 |
5063 |
0.20 |
0.13 |
0.12 |
86.6 |
85.7 |
90.5 |
500 |
6083 |
0.20 |
85.7 |
|||||
500 |
3021 |
0.00 * |
100 |
|||||
Loading rate [mg/L] |
Cells / mL |
Cells / mL Mean value |
Average Specific growth rate [µ] |
Average Specific growth rate [µ] Mean value |
Standard deviation |
Coefficient of variation Vc [%] |
Inhibition of Average Specific [%] |
Inhibition of Average Specific growth rate Mean value [%] |
48 h |
||||||||
Control 1 |
76004 |
77396 |
1.40 |
1.36 |
0.06 |
4.28 |
||
Control 2 |
87917 |
1.38 |
||||||
Control 3 |
68269 |
1.29 |
||||||
10 |
38979 |
36717 |
0.92 |
0.92 |
0.08 |
8.85 |
32.2 |
32.0 |
10 |
42495 |
1.01 |
25.9 |
|||||
10 |
28677 |
0.84 |
37.9 |
|||||
25 |
28677 |
29808 |
0.61 |
0.73 |
0.11 |
15.8 |
54.8 |
46.4 |
25 |
28677 |
0.84 |
37.9 |
|||||
25 |
32069 |
0.73 |
46.6 |
|||||
50 |
25325 |
24222 |
1.01 |
0.97 |
0.08 |
8.36 |
25.4 |
28.8 |
50 |
25325 |
1.01 |
25.4 |
|||||
50 |
22015 |
0.87 |
35.7 |
|||||
100 |
18746 |
19836 |
0.42 |
0.57 |
0.15 |
25.8 |
69.2 |
58.0 |
100 |
18746 |
0.71 |
47.5 |
|||||
100 |
22015 |
0.58 |
57.4 |
|||||
250 |
6083 |
4042 |
0.70 |
0.23 |
0.40 |
173 |
48.5 |
82.8 |
250 |
3021 |
0.00 ** |
100 |
|||||
250 |
3021 |
0.00 ** |
100 |
|||||
500 |
3021 |
3021 |
0.00 ** |
0.00 |
000 |
- |
100 |
100 |
500 |
3021 |
0.00 ** |
100 |
|||||
500 |
3021 |
0.00 |
100 |
|||||
Loading rate [mg/L] |
Cells / mL |
Cells / mL Mean value |
Average Specific growth rate [µ] |
Average Specific growth rate [µ] Mean value |
Standard deviation |
Coefficient of variation Vc [%] |
Inhibition of Average Specific [%] |
Inhibition of Average Specific growth rate Mean value [%] |
72 h |
||||||||
Control 1 |
323078 |
341557 |
1.45 |
1.49 |
0.06 |
3.94 |
||
Control 2 |
378516 |
1.46 |
||||||
Control 3 |
323078 |
1.55 |
||||||
10 |
96065 |
103097 |
0.90 |
1.04 |
0.16 |
14.9 |
39.4 |
30.0 |
10 |
117159 |
1.01 |
31.8 |
|||||
10 |
96065 |
1.21 |
18.7 |
|||||
25 |
35503 |
36662 |
0.21 |
0.21 |
0.01 |
5.13 |
85.6 |
86.1 |
25 |
35503 |
0.21 |
85.6 |
|||||
25 |
38979 |
0.20 |
86.9 |
|||||
50 |
42495 |
38993 |
0.52 |
0.48 |
0.04 |
9.09 |
65.2 |
68.0 |
50 |
38979 |
0.43 |
71.0 |
|||||
50 |
35503 |
0.48 |
67.9 |
|||||
100 |
38979 |
41337 |
0.73 |
0.73 |
0.00 |
0.48 |
50.8 |
50.6 |
100 |
38979 |
0.73 |
50.8 |
|||||
100 |
46053 |
0.74 |
50.4 |
|||||
250 |
28677 |
23146 |
1.55 |
1.79 |
0.22 |
12.3 |
-4.26 |
-20.2 |
250 |
22015 |
1.99 |
-33.6 |
|||||
250 |
18746 |
1.83 |
-22.7 |
|||||
500 |
3021 |
3021 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
- |
100 |
100 |
500 |
3021 |
0.00 |
100 |
|||||
500 |
3021 |
0.00 |
100 |
* The measurements of the cell number by optical densitometry at 525 nmgave values quite below the initial cell concentration of 5000 cells/mL.
Because of the uncertainty of the measurements in this lower absorbance range, the average specific growth rate [µ] has been assigned zero.
** The number of cells/mL was lower at observation time 72 h compared to 48 h. This would lead to a negative value of the average specific growth rate [µ],
which therefore has been assigned zero.
Table 2: Loading rate of the Test item, cells/mL in the test flasks at 72 h, average specific growth
rate [μ] over the whole testing period 0-72 h, mean value of the average specific growth
rate [μ], standard deviation and coefficient of variation Vc [%], inhibition [%] and mean value
of inhibition [%] of the average specific growth rate [μ] (Rep. Tab. 4)
Loading rate [mg/L] |
Cells / mL |
Average Specific growth rate [µ] |
Average Specific growth rate [µ] Mean value |
Standard deviation |
Coefficient of variation Vc [%] |
Inhibition of Average Specific growth rate [%] |
Inhibition of Average Specific growth rate Mean value [%] |
72 h |
|||||||
Control 1 |
323078 |
1.39 |
1.41 |
0.03 |
2.17 |
||
Control 2 |
378516 |
1.44 |
|||||
Control 3 |
323078 |
1.39 |
|||||
10 |
96065 |
0.99 |
1.01 |
0.04 |
3.79 |
30.0 |
28.4 |
10 |
117159 |
1.05 |
25.3 |
||||
10 |
96065 |
0.99 |
30.0 |
||||
25 |
35503 |
0.65 |
0.66 |
0.02 |
2.71 |
53.6 |
52.8 |
25 |
35503 |
0.65 |
53.6 |
||||
25 |
38979 |
0.68 |
51.4 |
||||
50 |
42495 |
0.71 |
0.68 |
0.03 |
4.38 |
49.3 |
51.4 |
50 |
38979 |
0.68 |
51.4 |
||||
50 |
35503 |
0.65 |
53.6 |
||||
100 |
38979 |
0.68 |
0.70 |
0.03 |
4.57 |
51.4 |
50.0 |
100 |
38979 |
0.68 |
51.4 |
||||
100 |
46053 |
0.74 |
47.4 |
||||
250 |
28677 |
0.58 |
0.51 |
0.07 |
14.2 |
58.6 |
64.1 |
250 |
22015 |
0.49 |
64.9 |
||||
250 |
18746 |
0.44 |
68.7 |
||||
500 |
3021 |
0.00 * |
0.00 |
0.00 |
- |
100 |
100 |
500 |
3021 |
0.00 * |
100 |
||||
500 |
3021 |
0.00 * |
100 |
* The measurements of the cell number by optical densitometry at 525 nmgave values quite below the initial cell concentration of 5000 cells/mL.
Because of the uncertainty of the measurements in this lower absorbance range, the average specific growth rate [µ] has been assigned zero.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 1) Biomass in controls increased 68x in 72 h (nom. >= 16x). 2) Mean var-coeff. for section-spec. growth rates: 6.1% (nom. ≤ 35%). 3) Var-coeff. of av. spec. growth rates for the whole period in replicate controls: 2.2% (nom. value ≤ 7%).
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