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EC number: 272-180-0 | CAS number: 68783-04-0 A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as the extract from the re-extraction of solvent-refined heavy paraffinic distillate. It consists of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through C50.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- No data reported.
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study is classified as reliable without restriction because it was carried out according to OECD Test Guideline 471.
- Justification for type of information:
- The standard OECD 471 test is not suitable to test petroleum UVCBs, because it has a tendency to produce false negatives for these substances. Therefore, the petroleum industry has developed a Modified Ames assay, optimized to accurately identify positive results for this endpoint. This deviation from the prescribed testing procedure requires some further explanation which is given in the attached document. The document gives a brief history of the development of the Modified Ames test and outlines Concawe’s proposed work (as part of a wider testing strategy, see Annex 13) to further support the use of this test for PS.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 986
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Modified Ames (1975) procedure to include preliminary solubilisation of the oil in cyclohexane followed by single extraction of dimethylsulphoxide. Additionally, S9 fraction from hamster liver was used instead of rat S9, and the concentration of NADP was increased from 4 to 8 millimolar.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 64742-54-7; 64742-52-5
- IUPAC Name:
- 64742-54-7; 64742-52-5
- Reference substance name:
- Solvent-refined hydrotreated paraffinic distillate, Solvent-refined hydrotreated heavy naphthenic distillate, sufficiently refined, IP346<3%
- IUPAC Name:
- Solvent-refined hydrotreated paraffinic distillate, Solvent-refined hydrotreated heavy naphthenic distillate, sufficiently refined, IP346<3%
- Test material form:
- other: Oily liquid
- Details on test material:
- This substance is most similar where treatment was sufficient to reduce the 3-7 ring PACs (<3 wt% DMSO extractables as measured by IP-346).
Twenty two different oil samples were tested, but the two sufficiently refined lubricant base oils tested were:
Solvent-refined hydrotreated heavy paraffinic distillate (CAS # 64741-88-4/64742-54-7), referred to as Sample 18 in study report
Solvent-refined hydrotreated heavy naphthenic distillate (CAS # 64741-96-4/64742-52-5), referred to as Sample 20 in study report
The boiling ranges for both samples were between 700 and 900 degrees Fahrenheit.
Two millilitres of oil was dissolved in three millilitres of cyclohexane, mixed to homogeneity, and extracted with ten millilitres DMSO. The suspension was mixed every five minutes for thirty minutes. The lower DMSO layer was harvested and assayed.
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Target gene:
- No data reported.
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Not applicable
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor 1254-induced hamster liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- ranges from 1 to 50 microlitres
- Vehicle / solvent:
- dimethyl sulphoxide
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- not specified
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- not specified
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Modified Ames (1975) procedure to include preliminary solubilisation of the oil in cyclohexane followed by single extraction of dimethylsulphoxide. Additionally, S9 fraction from hamster liver was used instead of rat S9, and the concentration of NADP was increased from 4 to 8 millimolar.
The extracted oil, tester bacteria (TA98), and metabolic activation system (hamster S9) or no S9 were combined in suspension, incubated for 20 minutes at 37°C were poured into a petri dish, incubated for 48 hours overnight at 37°C, and subsequently counted for revertant colonies. - Evaluation criteria:
- No data reported.
- Statistics:
- No data reported.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other:
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Remarks:
- not applicable, modified Ames protocol
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Remarks:
- not applicable, modified Ames protocol
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Remarks:
- not applicable, modified Ames protocol
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 102
- Remarks:
- not applicable, modified Ames protocol
- Additional information on results:
- No data reported.
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The mutagenicity indices of both test substances were 0.0.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
The mutagenicity indices for both test substances were 0.0 and therefore not mutagenic. - Executive summary:
Justification for Read Across
Treated distillate aromatic extracts (TDAEs) are a further processing of untreated distillate aromatic extracts (UDAEs) in an attempt to reduce the amount of 3-7 ring PAC that is present. Since the treatment is mostly a selective reduction of PACs, the data from UDAEs can serve as read across where treatment was insufficient and a significant amount of PACs still remain (≥ 3 wt% DMSO extractables as measured by IP-346). Where treatment was sufficient to reduce the 3-7 ring PACs (<3 wt% DMSO extractables as measured by IP-346), the material is most similar to a lubricating base oil and it is this data that should be used for read across.
In a modified Ames assay, S. typhimurium strain TA 98 was exposed to various petroleum products, of which two were sufficiently refined (proven non-carcinogenic) lubricating base oils, at concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 microlitres with metabolic activation by Aroclor 1254-induced hamster liver S9. The mutagenicity indices for the two test substances were 0.0 with metabolic activation indicating that the materials were non-mutagenic under the assay conditions.
This study received a Klimisch score of 1 and is classified as reliable without restriction because it was carried out in a manner consistent with OECD Test Guideline 471.
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