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EC number: 232-734-4 | CAS number: 9012-54-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The repeated dose oral toxicity of cellulase has been tested, while the repeated dose inhalation and dermal toxicity were waived based on exposure considerations and the properties of the substance.
- The dermal study was waived because systemic exposure by the dermal route is unlikely based upon the existing toxicokinetic knowledge of enzymes, which due to their relatively large molecular weight, high water-solubility and low logPow value are not expected to be absorbed through the skin. Therefore, it can be safely assumed that the enzyme do not exert any dermal toxicity. Evidence from animal studies and historical human experience derived from the use of detergent enzymes for decades confirm that exposure to technical enzymes will not result in any toxicologically relevant uptake by dermal route.
- The inhalation study was waived because exposure is too low to exert any toxicity. Potential exposure by inhalation to an amount of enzyme, which is toxicologically relevant, is unrealistic due to the stringent work practices and the formulation of enzymes, enforced because of the risk of sensitization by inhalation.
- The repeated dose oral toxicity was a subchronic toxicity test conducted according to OECD guideline 608 , and in compliance with GLP. The conclusion was that the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) in rats was the highest dose level tested- 1000 mg/kg bw/day which is equivalent to 1013.3 mg enzyme concentrate dry matter/kg bw/day = 469 mg active enzyme protein/kg bw/day.
Based on the repeated dose oral study and weight of evidence, cellulase does not exert any repeated dose oral, dermal or inhalation toxicity to workers or consumers.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- June 28, 2011 – January 6, 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- The study was performed according to OECD guidelines and in compliance with GLP. The purpose of the study was to satisfy regulatory demands because the enzyme is used for production of food in EU.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Animals: Rat, RccHanTM: WIST(SPF)
Rationale: Recognized by international guidelines as a recommended test system.
Breeder: Harlan Laboratories, B.V. Kreuzelweg 53 5961 NM Horst /Netherlands
Number of Animals:
Group 1: 10 males and 10 females
Group 2: 10 males and 10 females
Group 3: 10 males and 10 females
Group 4: 10 males and 10 females
Group 10: 2 males and 2 females*
Total Number of Animals Used: 40 males and 40 females
Total Number of Animals Ordered: 42 males and 42 females
Age (at Delivery): 7 weeks
Body Weight Range (at Acclimatization):
Males: 168.1 g to 183.6 g
Females: 140.1 g to 162.5 g
Identification: Acclimatization: Cage card and tail mark (later ear tattoo)
Identification: Treatment: Cage card and individual ear tattoo
Randomization: Randomly allocated to groups by body weight.
Acclimatization: Under test conditions after health examination. Only animals without any visible signs of illness were used for the study.
* Reserve animals were exchanged as needed and then removed from the study.
Standard laboratory conditions. Air-conditioned with 10 - 15 air changes per hour, continuously monitored environmental conditions (temp. range: 22 ± 3 °C; relative humidity range: 30 - 70%). Values outside of these ranges occasionally occurred, usually following room cleaning, and are considered not to have any influence on the study. The data are retained at Harlan Laboratories Ltd. The light cycle was set to 12-hour fluorescent light / 12-hour dark cycle with at least eight hours music during the light period. - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Remarks:
- bidistilled
- Details on oral exposure:
- Test material (B-Glucanase produced with Trichoderma reesei) was administered daily by oral gavage in bidistilled water vehicle
Dose levels were 100, 300 and 1000 TOS mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 13 weeks (92/93 days) - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- The application formulations investigated during the study were found to comprise ß-Glucanase in the range of 81.2% to 99.0%, thus, the required content limit of ±20% with reference to the nominal content was met. The homogeneous distribution of ß-Glucanase produced within the preparations was approved because single results did not deviate more than 5.8% (<15%) from the corresponding mean.
In addition, the test material was found to be stable with reference to the TOS method in application formulations when kept five hours at room temperature or eight days in the refrigerator due to recoveries which met the variation limit of 10% from the time-zero (homogeneity) mean.
In conclusion, the results indicate the accurate use of the test item ß-Glucanase and purified water as vehicle during this study. Application formulations were found to be homogeneously prepared and sufficient formulation stability under storage conditions was approved.
Method: Oral, by gavage
Rationale for Method: Administration by gavage is a common and accepted route of exposure for studies of this type.
Frequency of Administration: Daily
Daily Dose Levels in Total Organic Substance (TOS):
Group 1: 0 mg/kg body weight/day
Group 2: 100 mg/kg body weight/day
Group 3: 300 mg/kg body weight/day
Group 4: 1000 mg/kg body weight/day
Rationale for Dose Level Selection:The dose levels were selected based on a previous dose range finding toxicity study in Wistar rats,
Harlan Laboratories study D29560 (non-GLP).
Dose Volume: 10 mL/kg body weight
Dose Concentrations (TOS):
Group 1: 0 mg TOS/mL
Group 2: 10 mg TOS/mL
Group 3: 30 mg TOS/mL
Group 4: 100 mg TOS/mL
Dose Concentrations (actual):
Group 1: 0 mg/mL
Group 2: 11.02 mg/mL
Group 3: 33.06 mg/mL
Group 4: 110.2 mg/mL
Duration of Acclimatization Period: 6 days
Duration of Treatment Period: 13 weeks - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 13 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 100, 300 and 1000 TOS mg/kg body weight/day
Basis:
nominal in water - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 female and 10 male rats
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- Test item B-Glucanase produced with Trichoderma reesei was administered daily by oral gavage to SPF-bred Wistar rats of both sexes at dose levels of 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 13 weeks (92/93 days). A control group was treated similarly with the vehicle, bidistilled water, only. Each group was sacrificed after 92 or 93 days of treatment.
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
Time schedule: At least twice daily
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
Time schedule: Daily during the first week of treatment, twice weekly during Weeks 2 to 4 and weekly thereafter, detailed observations were recorded
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
Time schedule for examinations: weekly
FOOD CONSUMPTION:
Food consumption for each cage, i.e. sum of five animals, was determined and mean daily diet consumption per group calculated as g feed/rat/week: Yes
FOOD EFFICIENCY:
Body weight gain in g/food consumption in g per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes
WATER CONSUMPTION : Yes
Time schedule for examinations: weekly, over a 3-day period in each week
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
Time schedule for examinations: Before treatment started and during week 13
Dose groups that were examined: control and highest dose group
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
No test item-related clinical signs were observed in all groups.
HEMATOLOGY: Yes
At the end of the treatment period (week 13), blood samples were withdrawn for hematology and plasma biochemistry analyses. The test animals were placed in metabolism cages for 18 hours prior to sample collection.
URINALYSIS: Yes
At the end of the treatment period (week 13), urine samples were collected for urinalysis. Urine was collected during an 18-hour period that the animals were placed in metabolism cages.
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
At the end of the treatment period (week 13), high dose and control groups were examined for sensory activity, grip strength, and motor activity - Sacrifice and pathology:
- At the end of the treatment period (week 13 on day 92 or 93), fasting blood samples were withdrawn for hematology and plasma biochemistry analyses. Urine samples were collected for urinalysis. The test animals were placed in metabolism cages for 18 hours prior to blood sampling. Urine was collected for analysis during this time period. All animals were then sacrificed, necropsied and examined post mortem. Isoflurane anesthesia was used in sacrificing the test subjects. Gross pathology and histopathology was performed. Histological examinations were performed on organs and tissues from all control and high dose animals.
- Other examinations:
- FAECAL ANALYSIS: No
Weight of individual organs: yes
Time schedule for collection of organs: At necropsy - Statistics:
- The following statistical methods were used to analyze grip strength, locomotor activity, food consumption, body weight, ophthalmoscopic examinations, clinical laboratory data, organ weights and ratios as well as macroscopic findings:
• The Dunnett-test (many to one t-test) based on a pooled variance estimate was applied if the variables could be assumed to follow a normal distribution for the comparison of the treated groups and the control groups for each sex.
• The Steel-test (many-one rank test) was applied instead of the Dunnett-test when the data could not be assumed to follow a normal distribution.
• Fisher's exact-test. - Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No clinical signs were observed during the daily cage side observations as well as the weekly detailed behavioral observations in all groups.
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Description (incidence):
- No clinical signs were observed during the daily cage side observations as well as the weekly detailed behavioral observations in all groups.
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Food efficiency:
- no effects observed
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- no effects observed
- Ophthalmological findings:
- no effects observed
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- no effects observed
- Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- no effects observed
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- All gross lesions recorded were considered to be within the range of normal background alterations.
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The changes that were identified were not considered of toxicological significance.
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- >= 1 013.3 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- other: Enzyme concentrate dry matter
- Basis for effect level:
- other:
- Remarks on result:
- other: NOAEL and NOEL is set at the highest dose.
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- >= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- other: Total organic solids (TOS)
- Basis for effect level:
- other: There were no adverse effects observed at the highest dose tested.
- Remarks on result:
- other: NOAEL and NOEL is set at the highest dose.
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Effect level:
- >= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- other: Total organic solids (TOS)
- Basis for effect level:
- other: There were no adverse effects observed at the highest dose tested.
- Remarks on result:
- other: NOAEL and NOEL is set at the highest dose.
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Oral administration (gavage) of ß Glucanase to Wistar rats at doses of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day for a period of 13 weeks was generally well tolerated.
No test item-related deaths occurred and no changes in daily or weekly observations as well as functional observational battery (performed during week 13) including grip strength and locomotor activity were observed. Furthermore, no test item-related effects on body weights or food consumption, no ophthalmoscopic findings, no changes in clinical laboratory investigations of toxicological relevance as well as no macroscopic and microscopic findings were noted.
Based on the results of this study, the no observed effect level (NOEL) as well as the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for the test item ß-Glucanase was set at 1000 mg/kg/day TOS which is equivalent to 1013.3 mg enzyme concentrate dry matter/kg bw/day = 469 mg active enzyme protein/kg bw/day. - Executive summary:
The repeated dose oral toxicity study was a 13-week subchronic toxicity study conducted in rats according to OECD guideline No. 408 (revised in 1998) and in compliance with GLP.
The test material used in this study, β-glucanase (batch No. CE 10088B3) is dissolved in bi-distilled water to yield concentration of 10, 30 and 100 mg TOS/ml. The test material was given to 10 animals/sex/group in a constant volume of 10 ml/kg bw by gavage to achieve the desired concentrations of 100, 300 and 1000 mg TOS/kg bw/day for 90 consecutive days. Bi-distilled water given at the same volume served as vehicle control. The test material in solution was tested for stability, homogeneity and dosing verification throughout the study. Clinical observations were made daily whereas feed, water and body weight were recorded weekly. Ophthalmologic examinations were done prior to study initiation and at study termination. Clinical chemistry, hematology, urinalysis, FOB (Functional Observational battery), necropsy, organ weights, and histopathologic examinations were conducted at study termination as required by the guideline.
One control animal died on day 45 but this death was considered as incidental and non-treatment related. There were no treatment related effects found in all parameters investigated. In summary, oral administration of β-glucanase (cellulase) to rats of both sexes at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day (expressed as Total Organic Solids [TOS]) for 13 consecutive weeks did not result in any systemic, behavioral or pathological changes. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was therefore established at the highest dose tested, 1000 mg β-glucanase (cellulase)/kg body weight/day (expressed as TOS) which is equivalent to 1013.3 mg enzyme concentrate dry matter/kg bw/day = 469 mg active enzyme protein/kg bw/day.
Reference
One control male (no. 6) died spontaneously on day 45 of treatment. Before death, decreased activity, ruffled fur and prostrate appearance were noted. The cause of death could not be established. All other animals survived the scheduled treatment period.
Clinical Signs (Daily Cageside Observations): No test item-related clinical signs were observed in all groups.
Detailed Behavioral Observations (Weekly): No findings were recorded at the detailed behavioral observations during acclimatization and treatment weeks 1 to 12.
Functional Observational Battery: No clinical signs were evident between the high dose group and the control group during the functional observational battery at week 13.
Grip Strength: No test item-related changes in grip strength were noted. Significantly increased grip strength was recorded on the fore limb in females at 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day and decreased grip strength on the hind limb in females and males at 1000 mg/kg/day. As a contrary effect on fore and hind limbs was observed and no clinical sings or changes in locomotor activity were recorded, this was considered to be incidental.
Locomotor Activity: No test item-related differences in locomotor activity were noted between the groups. Significant differences compared to control were noted on individual measurements in males and females of the low and mid dose groups and showed no dose dependency. Therefore, these differences were considered not to be test item-related.
Food Consumption: There were no test item-related effects on food consumption.
Body Weights: No differences in body weight development were noted between the groups.
Ophthalmoscopic Examinations: There were no test item-related ophthalmoscopic findings.
Hematology: No test item-related hematological findings were noted. Collection was performed at week 13 from all study animals after fasting.
Urinalysis: No effects on urine parameters were noted at any dose level. Collection was performed at week 13 from all study animals after fasting.
Clinical biochemistry: No test item-related changes in clinical biochemistry were noted. Collection was performed at week 13 from all study animals after fasting.
Organ weights: No test item-related changes in the mean absolute and relative organ weights were recorded.
Macroscopic findings: All gross lesions recorded were considered to be within the range of normal background alterations.
Microscopic findings:Under the conditions of this study, the test item did not show any morphological evidence of toxicological properties in the organs and tissues examined.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- subchronic
- Species:
- rat
- Quality of whole database:
- Toxicological data has been generated within the enzyme producing industry during the last 40 years. Substantial documentation on the safety of the production strains have been generated, and the enzyme test materials are thoroughly characterized. High quality studies for all relevant endpoints, in vivo studies as well as in vitro studies, show that industrial enzymes from well-known and well-characterized production strains have very similar safety profiles across the catalytic activities. The database can thus be considered of high quality.
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation
- Data waiving:
- exposure considerations
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation
- Data waiving:
- exposure considerations
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: dermal
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: dermal
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
The repeated dose oral toxicity of cellulase has been tested, while the repeated dose inhalation and dermal toxicity were waived based on exposure considerations and the properties of the substance.
- The dermal study waswaived because systemic exposure by the dermal route is unlikely based upon the existing toxicokinetic knowledge of enzymes, which due to their relatively large molecular weight, high water-solubility and low logPow value are not expected to be absorbed through the skin. Therefore, it can be safely assumed that the enzyme do not exert any dermal toxicity. Evidence from animal studies and historical human experience derived from the use of detergent enzymes for decades
confirm that exposure to technical enzymes will not result in any toxicologically relevant uptake by dermal route.
- The inhalation study was waived because exposure is too low to exert any toxicity. Potential exposure by inhalation to an amount of enzyme, which is toxicologically relevant, is unrealistic due to the stringent work practices and the formulation of enzymes, enforced because of the risk of sensitization by inhalation.
- The repeated dose oral toxicity was a subchronic toxicity test conducted according to OECD guideline 608, and in compliance with GLP. The conclusion was that the No Observed Effect Level (NOEL) No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) in rats was the highest dose level tested-1000 mg/kg bw/day which is equivalent to 1013.3 mg enzyme concentrate dry matter/kg bw/day = 469 mg active enzyme protein/kg bw/day.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the repeated dose oral study and weight of evidence, cellulase does not exert any repeated dose oral, dermal or inhalation toxicity to workers or consumers.
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