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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 915-035-5 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Health surveillance data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- health surveillance data
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Read-across: exposure to various chromium species. Acceptable. Well-documented report.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- A survey of respiratory symptoms and lung function in ferrochromium and ferrosilicon workers.
- Author:
- Langård, S.
- Year:
- 1 980
- Bibliographic source:
- Int Arch Occup Environ Health.46(1): 1-9.
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- medical screening
- Endpoint addressed:
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A questionnaire was used to record respiratory symptoms, smoking habits, detailed occupational history, and a past history of chest diseases among 60 ferrochromium plant workers. A medical examination of chest, heart and upper airways was carried out for all participants. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume one second (FEV1) were recorded three times in each worker, abnd chest X-rays were taken to exclude pneumocosis or other parenchymal fibrotic process in the lungs. Expectorate samples were also obrained on three successive days.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- various Cr-compounds
- IUPAC Name:
- various Cr-compounds
- Details on test material:
- At the ferrochromium furnaces, the airborne chromium concentration was 0.02-0.19 mg/m3. 11-33% of the airborne chromium was water soluble, and was mainly supposed to consist of chromium (VI) compounds.
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- 60 ferrochromium workers who had mainly worked at the ferrochromium furnaces or close to these were selected for the study. A questionnaire was used to record respiratory symptoms, smoking habits, detailed occupational history, and a past history of chest diseases among the workers. A medical examination of chest, heart and upper airways was carried out for all participants. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume one second (FEV1) were recorded three times in each worker, and chest X-rays were taken to exclude pneumocosis or other parenchymal fibrotic process in the lungs. Expectorate samples were also obrained on three successive days. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms presented in two other Norwegian studies was used as reference.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Among the 60 workers, two cases of perforated nasal septum were observed, and 25% suffered from bronchitis symptoms. However, the author concluded that the nasal perforations were indicative of previous exposure to hexavalent chromium. No connection between the presence of chromates and generalized obstructive lung diseases could be documented.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- There was no connection between the presence of chromates and generalized obstructive lung diseases among ferrochromium workers. Two cases of perforated nasal septum were observed, but due to the mixed dust exposure (including hexavalent chromium), no conclusions can be made on the specific effects of ferrochromium.
- Executive summary:
The study monitored the health status (including respiratory symptoms, smoking habits, detailed occupational history, and a past history of chest diseases) of 60 ferrochromium plant workers. A medical examination of chest, heart and upper airways was carried out for all participants. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume one second (FEV1) were recorded three times in each worker, and chest X-rays were taken to exclude pneumocosis or other parenchymal fibrotic process in the lungs. Expectorate samples were also obrained on three successive days.
The analysis of the connection between health status and occupational exposure revealed that there was no connection between the presence of chromates and generalized obstructive lung diseases among ferrochromium workers. Two cases of perforated nasal septum were observed, but due to the mixed dust exposure (including hexavalent chromium), no conclusions can be made on the specific effects of ferrochromium.
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