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EC number: 221-882-5 | CAS number: 3268-49-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1992-12-07 - 1993-02-04
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Three separate tests with 3 test conc. each were performed. In one of the tests (conc. range 10 - 50 mg/L) the control biomass did not increase expon. by a factor of at least 16 within 72 h.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- No details given
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: SAG 86.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): obtained from Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut, University of Göttingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): exponential growth phase after 3 days of incuabtion
- Method of cultivation:
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 days
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same as in test - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 23 °C ± 2 °C
- pH:
- at the beginning: 8.0 - 8.1, after 72 h: 8.1 - 9.6
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations tested:
Test 1: 10, 25 and 50 mg/L
Test 2: 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/L
Test 3: 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: no details given
- Initial cells density: Test 1: 2.0E+05, Test 2: 1.1E+05, Test 3: 1.2 E+05 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: according to OECD guideline
15 mg/L NH4Cl
12 mg/L MgCl2 x 6H2O
18 mg/L CaCl2 x 2H2O
15 mg/L MgSO4 x 7H2O
1.6 mg/L KH2PO4
0.08 mg/L FeCl3 x 6H2O
0.1 mg/L Na2 EDTA x 2H2O
0.185 mg/L H3BO3
0.415 mg/L MnCl2 x 4H2O
3x 10-3 mg/L ZnCl2
10-5 mg/L CoCl2 x 2H2O
7x10-3 mg/L Na2MoO4 x 2H2O
50 mg/l NaHCO3
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 400-700 nm, 8000 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable)
- Determination of cell concentrations: cell numbers (with spectrophotometer) after 0, 24, 48 and 72 h - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- Growth rates decreased over time, but the validity criteria of 16-fold increase over 72 h was fulfilled in Test 2 and 3.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- for Test 2 and Test 3
- Conclusions:
- The ErC50 (72 h) was 5.7 mg(L (ErC10 (72 h): 3.1 mg/L).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1984
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: At start and end of exposure period
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: ATCC 22662 - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 23±2°C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test substance concentrations: 0.988, 1.48, 2.22, 3.33 and 5.00 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Fill volume: 100 mL
- Initial cells density: 10000 cells mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: continous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 4000 - 5000 lux
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.5 - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
Referenceopen allclose all
Experiment 1:
Cell density:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
Cell count / mL x10E+05 24 h |
Cell count / mL x10E+05 48 h |
Cell count / mL x10E+05 72 h |
Control 1 |
4.2 |
1.2 |
2.0 |
0.1 |
4.1 |
1.3 |
2.1 |
0.25 |
4.2 |
1.1 |
1.9 |
0.5 |
3.9 |
1.0 |
1.8 |
Experiment 2:
Cell density:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
Cell count / mL x10E+05 24 h |
Cell count / mL x10E+05 48 h |
Cell count / mL x10E+05 72 h |
Control 2 |
4.9 |
1.1 |
1.7 |
1.0 |
4.3 |
86 |
1.6 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
55 |
85 |
5.0 |
2.5 |
37 |
56 |
Experiment 3:
Cell density:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
Cell count / mL x10E+05 24 h |
Cell count / mL x10E+05 48 h |
Cell count / mL x10E+05 72 h |
Control 3 |
5.1 |
0.13 |
0.23 |
10 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
25 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
50 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
Growth rates:
Experiment 1:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
0-24 h |
0-48 h |
0-72 h |
Control 1 |
1.261 |
1.154 |
0.929 |
0.1 |
1.229 |
1.191 |
0.954 |
0.25 |
1.253 |
1.108 |
0.921 |
0.5 |
1.179 |
1.06 |
0.903 |
Experiment 2:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
0-24 h |
0 -48 h |
0 -72 h |
Control 2 |
1.556 |
1.161 |
0.945 |
1.0 |
1.363 |
1.028 |
0.892 |
2.5 |
1.099 |
0.805 |
0.682 |
5.0 |
0.821 |
0.607 |
0.542 |
Experiment 3:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
0-24 h |
0 -48 h |
0 -72 h |
Control 3 |
0.936 |
0.924 |
0.782 |
10 |
0.140 |
0.000 |
-0.054 |
25 |
0.140 |
0.000 |
-0.054 |
50 |
0.405 |
0.186 |
0.087 |
% inhibition compared to controls:
Experiment 1:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
0-24 h |
0-48 h |
0-72 h |
0.1 |
2.5 |
-3.2 |
-2.7 |
0.25 |
0.6 |
4.0 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
6.5 |
8.1 |
2.9 |
Experiment 2:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
0-24 h |
0 -48 h |
0 -72 h |
1.0 |
12.4 |
11.4 |
5.6 |
2.5 |
29.4 |
30.7 |
27.9 |
5.0 |
47.3 |
47.8 |
42.6 |
Experiment 3:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
0-24 h |
0-48 h |
0 -72 h |
10 |
85.1 |
100 |
106.9 |
25 |
85.1 |
100 |
106.9 |
50 |
56.7 |
79.9 |
88.8 |
control values are means of 3 experiments
The cell count in the controls in experiments 1 and 2 was >than a factor of 16 higher at the end of the study than at t=0. In experiment 3 the factor was only 10.45 and the validity criterion was not fullfilled.
Results for biomass:
3 experiments with 3 concentration ranges were performed:
Experiment 1:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
Cell count x10E+05 initial |
Cell count x10E+05 24 h |
Cell count x10E+05 48 h |
Cell count x10E+05 72 h |
Count inh. |
0.1 |
1.2 |
4.1 |
13 |
21 |
0 |
0.25 |
1.2 |
4.2 |
11 |
19 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
1.2 |
3.9 |
10 |
18 |
14.3 |
Results control (mean of 3 controls) |
|||||
1.2 |
1.2 |
4.2 |
12 |
20 |
|
Experiment 2:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
Cell count x10E+05 initial |
Cell count x10E+05 24 h |
Cell count x10E+05 48 h |
Cell count x10E+05 72 h |
Count inh. |
1.0 |
1.1 |
4.3 |
8.6 |
16 |
15.4 |
2.5 |
1.1 |
3.3 |
5.5 |
8.5 |
51.9 |
5.0 |
1.1 |
2.5 |
3.7 |
5.6 |
71.2 |
Results control |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.1 |
4.9 |
11 |
17 |
|
Experiment 3:
Conc. (mg/L)
|
Cell count x10E+05 initial |
Cell count x10E+05 24 h |
Cell count x10E+05 48 h |
Cell count x10E+05 72 h |
Count inh. |
10.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
91.1 |
25.0 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
100 |
50.0 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
100 |
(values are means of 3 single experiments) |
|||||
Results control |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0 |
5.1 |
13 |
23 |
|
Based on the data of all 3 experiments the original study derived the following values:
EbC50 = 2.45 mg/L (0-72h)
ErC50 = 7.4 mg/L (24-72h)
NOEC = 0.25 mg/L
If only the experiments fullfilling the validity criteria are used (exp. 1 and 2) the following values were derived:
for biomass:
EbC50 = 2.1 mg/L
EbC10 = 0.6 mg/L
NOEC = 0.5 mg/L
LOEC = 1.0 mg/L
for growth rate:
ErC50 = 5.7 mg/L
NOEC = 1.0 mg/L
LOEC = 2.5 mg/L
Description of key information
ErC50 (72 h): 5.7 mg/L (nominal, OECD 201)
ErC10 (72 h): 1.3 mg/L (nominal, OECD 201)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The toxicity of the substance to freshwater algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was tested in a study following OECD guideline 201 (GLP). The study was split into three separate tests investigating the toxicity at different substance concentration ranges. In Test 1 the nominal test concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 mg/L were tested. In Test 2 the algal growth at nominal concentrations of 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/L was tested. Test 3 was perforemd with nominal test substance concentrations of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L. The validity criteria were only fulfiled by Test 2 and Test 3. Based on the results determined in these tests an ErC50 (72 h) of 5.7 mg/L was determined (ErC10 (72 h): 1.3 mg/L) based on the nominal concentrations. In a supporting study conducted according to OECD 201 with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata an ErC50 (72 h) of 2.25 mg/L (nominal) was determined. The reported NOEC (72 h) was 1.48 mg/L (nominal). The test was conducted with nominal substance concentrations of 0.988, 1.48, 2.22, 3.33 and 5.00 mg/L. An analytical dose verfication by HPLC analysis was performed.
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