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EC number: 201-853-3 | CAS number: 88-72-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- other: EU Risk Assessment
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: EU Risk Assessment
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the EU RAR.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- EU Risk Assessment
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Analytical purity: not specified
- Executive summary:
EU Risk Assessment (2008):
Yoshioka et al., (1986) carried out the "activated sludge, respiration inhibition test" proposed by the OECD providing an EC50 of 665 mg/l on inhibiting the respiration of activated sludge, after a three-hour exposure period. The activated sludge was obtained from a treatment plant, treating predominantly domestic sewage.
Deneer et al.(1989) indicated a log EC50 of 1.13 µmol/l (EC50 of 1.8 mg/l) for the bioluminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum. Tests with P. phosphoreum, and calculations causing 50% reduction of bioluminiscence after 15 min of exposure were carried out as described in the Beckman Instruments Manual (1982). This test was considered not assignable for the assessment evaluation.
In the same way, Zhao and Wang (1995) provided information on P. phosphoreum. Ecotoxicological descriptors were the EC50 inhibition of bioluminiscence after 15 minutes exposure at 20 ºC, according to the procedures described in the Instrument Manual. It results in an EC50 of 16.9 mg/l. This assay is considered not assignable for the assessment purpose.
Bringmann and Kuehn (1977) tested 2-nitrotoluene on Pseudomonas putida. Exposure time was 16h at 25 ºC. Growth rate was determined measuring the final turbidity that was measured and compared to controls, using a Hg-lamp wavelength of 436 nm. Measure chamber 10 mm thickness. The toxicity threshold concentration (EC3) on P. putida was determined as 18 mg/l.
There are two data included in the IUCLID database by Hoechst (1984). The authors carried out a growth inhibition test on industrial activated sludge, using the ETAD fermentation tube method. For an exposure period of 24 hours it is indicated a NOEC of 60 mg/l and an EC50 of 80 mg/l. These values are included as additional information but it will not be accounted for the assessment estimations since no validation of the original report was possible.
There is also some information, which are presented below, regarding the effects on unicellular protozoa.
In another study, Yoshioka et al.(1985) measured an EC50 of 100 mg/l for the growth inhibiting effect of 2-nitrotoluene on the protozoa Tetrahymena pyriformis, after an exposure period of 24 hours.
Bringmann and Kuehn (1981) gave the following Toxic Threshold Concentrations (EC5) measuring the cell growth inhibition rate of various protozoa. Quantitative estimation of initial cell number and cell growth is achieved through a culture counter. The following EC5s are presented: 46 mg/l on Entosiphon sulcatum (bacteriovorous flagellate protozoa, consuming flagellate) after 72h exposure; 24 mg/l on Uronema parduczi holozoic (bacteriovorous ciliate protozoa, consuming ciliate) after 20h exposure and 27 mg/l on Chilomonas paramecium (saprozoic flagellate protozoa) after 48h exposure.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- other: BUA report
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: BUA report
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the BUA report.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BUA report
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- unpublished internal study report
- Executive summary:
BUA report (1989):
In a growth inhibition test with Pseudomonas putida, the following toxic threshold concentrations were found for o-nitrotoluene:
TTC (= EC3) = 18 mg/l after 16 hrs (Bringmann and Kuehn, 1977).
Other studies on the effect of o-nitrotoluene on Pseudomonas fluorescens and the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli gave the following figures (18-h cell growth inhibition test), with damaging effects indicated only at higher concentrations. No damaging effect was found up to 500 mg/l for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli (Bayer AG, 1986).
Among the measurements made in a study on the effect of aromatic nitro compounds on the bioluminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum was the mononitrotoluene concentration which causes a 50% reduction in the bacterium's glowing intensity, compared to that of the control, after exposure for 15 minutes. The EC50value for o-nitrotoluene was 1.85 mg/l (Deneer et al., 1988).
In an O2-consumption test according to the OECD for activated sludge an EC50 of 665 mg/l was obtained after a 3-h test period (Yoshioka et al., 1986).
A cell growth inhibition test with various protozoa gave the following results (Bringmann and Kuehn, 1981):
Entosiphon sulcatum - holoz. bact. consuming flagellate:
TTC (= EC5) = 46 mg/l after 72 h
Uronema pardiczi - holoz. bact. consuming ciliate:
TTC (= EC5) = 24 mg/l after 20 h
Chilomonas paramaecium - sapr. flagellate:
TCC (=EC5) = 27 mg/l after 48 h
An EC50of 100 mg/l was recorded for the cell growth inhibition effect of o-nitrotoluene on Tetrahymena pyriformis after a test duration of 24 h (Yoshioka et al., 1985).
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
For transported isolated intermediates according to REACh, Article 18, this endpoint is not a data requirement. However, data is available for this endpoint and is thus reported under the guidance of "all available data".
EU Risk Assessment (2008):
Yoshioka et al., (1986) carried out the "activated sludge, respiration inhibition test" proposed by the OECD providing an EC50 of 665 mg/l on inhibiting the respiration of activated sludge, after a three-hour exposure period. The activated sludge was obtained from a treatment plant, treating predominantly domestic sewage.
Deneer et al.(1989) indicated a log EC50 of 1.13 µmol/l (EC50 of 1.8 mg/l) for the bioluminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum. Tests with P. phosphoreum, and calculations causing 50% reduction of bioluminiscence after 15 min of exposure were carried out as described in the Beckman Instruments Manual (1982). This test was considered not assignable for the assessment evaluation.
In the same way, Zhao and Wang (1995) provided information on P. phosphoreum. Ecotoxicological descriptors were the EC50 inhibition of bioluminiscence after 15 minutes exposure at 20 ºC, according to the procedures described in the Instrument Manual. It results in an EC50 of 16.9 mg/l. This assay is considered not assignable for the assessment purpose.
Bringmann and Kuehn (1977) tested 2-nitrotoluene on Pseudomonas putida. Exposure time was 16h at 25 ºC. Growth rate was determined measuring the final turbidity that was measured and compared to controls, using a Hg-lamp wavelength of 436 nm. Measure chamber 10 mm thickness. The toxicity threshold concentration (EC3) on P. putida was determined as 18 mg/l.
There are two data included in the IUCLID database by Hoechst (1984). The authors carried out a growth inhibition test on industrial activated sludge, using the ETAD fermentation tube method. For an exposure period of 24 hours it is indicated a NOEC of 60 mg/l and an EC50 of 80 mg/l. These values are included as additional information but it will not be accounted for the assessment estimations since no validation of the original report was possible.
There is also some information, which are presented below, regarding the effects on unicellular protozoa.
In another study, Yoshioka et al.(1985) measured an EC50 of 100 mg/l for the growth inhibiting effect of 2-nitrotoluene on the protozoa Tetrahymena pyriformis, after an exposure period of 24 hours.
Bringmann and Kuehn (1981) gave the following Toxic Threshold Concentrations (EC5) measuring the cell growth inhibition rate of various protozoa. Quantitative estimation of initial cell number and cell growth is achieved through a culture counter. The following EC5s are presented: 46 mg/l on Entosiphon sulcatum (bacteriovorous flagellate protozoa, consuming flagellate) after 72h exposure; 24 mg/l on Uronema parduczi holozoic (bacteriovorous ciliate protozoa, consuming ciliate) after 20h exposure and 27 mg/l on Chilomonas paramecium (saprozoic flagellate protozoa) after 48h exposure.
BUA report (1989):
In a growth inhibition test with Pseudomonas putida, the following toxic threshold concentrations were found for o-nitrotoluene:
TTC (= EC3) = 18 mg/l after 16 hrs (Bringmann and Kuehn, 1977).
Other studies on the effect of o-nitrotoluene on Pseudomonas fluorescens and the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli gave the following figures (18-h cell growth inhibition test), with damaging effects indicated only at higher concentrations. No damaging effect was found up to 500 mg/l for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli (Bayer AG, 1986).
Among the measurements made in a study on the effect of aromatic nitro compounds on the bioluminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum was the mononitrotoluene concentration which causes a 50% reduction in the bacterium's glowing intensity, compared to that of the control, after exposure for 15 minutes. The EC50value for o-nitrotoluene was 1.85 mg/l (Deneer et al., 1988).
In an O2-consumption test according to the OECD for activated sludge an EC50 of 665 mg/l was obtained after a 3-h test period (Yoshioka et al., 1986).
A cell growth inhibition test with various protozoa gave the following results (Bringmann and Kuehn, 1981):
Entosiphon sulcatum - holoz. bact. consuming flagellate:
TTC (= EC5) = 46 mg/l after 72 h
Uronema pardiczi - holoz. bact. consuming ciliate:
TTC (= EC5) = 24 mg/l after 20 h
Chilomonas paramaecium - sapr. flagellate:
TCC (=EC5) = 27 mg/l after 48 h
An EC50of 100 mg/l was recorded for the cell growth inhibition effect of o-nitrotoluene on Tetrahymena pyriformis after a test duration of 24 h (Yoshioka et al., 1985).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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