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EC number: 231-176-9 | CAS number: 7440-67-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
The present discussion has been mainly elaborated on the basis of the research work of E.Ferrand (2005 ; "Etude de la spéciation en solution, de la rétention dans les sols et du transfert sol-plante du zirconium."- ANDRA thesis). This work extensively considered the speciation of Zirconium in water and soil.
Zirconium metal holds three valences II, III and IV. Nevertheless, only the valence IV of zirconium is relevant under environmental conditions. In aqueous solution, the cation Zr4+is unstable and is subject to complexation with hydroxide ions (OH-) at all pH. This means that Zr4 +as such does not exist in the environment.
In pure water, zirconium tends to form different complex forms [Zr(OH)x(OH2)8-x](4-x)+, where x is a function of the pH of the aqueous solution.It can also exists under [Zr(OH)x](4-x)-, in alcalin medium.Moreover, depending on the pH, the concentration of Zr and the nature of the surrounding minerals, Zr can polymerize to form hydroxo bridges. The predominant species in solution are Zr(OH)4and Zr(OH)5- at environmentally relevant pH. At pH values below 5, the predominant species in solution are Zr(OH)3+, Zr(OH)22 +and ZrOH3+(Blumenthal WR, 1958, The Chemical Behaviour of Zirconium).
The behaviour of Zr in aqueous solution is higly complex and speciation has not been as widely studied as for other more common metals. Speciation models like ECOSAT give the following indications:
1) For high concentration of Zr (> 10 -5 M) precipitation and polymer species prevail [Zr(OH)x(OH2)8-x](4-x)+for pH between 3 and 12
2) In contrast, for very low concentration of Zr (< 10 -6M) monomer species prevail [Zr(OH)x](4-x) and is mainly in solution.
For Zr metal, it should be noted that in contact with moisture/water, Zr is directly oxidised and a relatively stable passivation layer of ZrO2 is formed at the surface. As ZrO2 is poorly soluble (< 0.055 mg/L), the behaviour of Zr in water is driven by the solubilisation and complexation of ZrO2, which is highly dependent on the water chemistry and the hydroxide species presents in solution that could lead to complex formation as described above.
The peer-reviewed database HSDB confirms that the aqueous chemistry of zirconium is characterized by a high degree of formation of polymeric species and various complex ions. It also mentions that Zirconium forms very stable oxides and that Zirconium compounds would not volatilize from aqueous solution due to their ionic character.
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