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EC number: 201-175-8 | CAS number: 79-08-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From June to July 1985
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 985
- Report date:
- 1985
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- and protocol B.14 "Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation Assay" of EEC Directive 84/449
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Bromoacetic acid
- EC Number:
- 201-175-8
- EC Name:
- Bromoacetic acid
- Cas Number:
- 79-08-3
- Molecular formula:
- C2H3BrO2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-bromoacetic acid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Monobromoacetic acid
- Substance type: White crystalline compound
- Physical state: Solid
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- The Ames test was conducted by using the histidine requiring Salmonella typhimurium mutants TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98 and TA 100 as indicator strains and a liver microsome fraction of Aroclar-induced rats for metabolic activation.
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- 5 days after the injection of Aroclor 12511 the rats are killed by CO2. The livers are then removed cut in pieces and homogenized in 0.15 M KCl solution. The homogenate is centrifuged for 10 minutes at 9000 g. The supernatant is the metabolic activation.
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 30.9, 92.6, 277.8, 833.3 and 2500.0 µg/mL
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: No justification of choice reported in the report.
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- - sodium acide for strains TA 1535 and TA 100 in the absence of S-9 mix - 9-aminoacridine for strain TA 1537 in the absence of S-9 mix - 2-nitrofluorene for strains TA 1538 and TA 98 in the absence of S-9 mix -2-aminoanthracene for all strains + S-9 mix
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- - Way of application: Stock solutions: Bromoacetic acid was dissolved in DMSO.
The bacterial suspensions (0.1 mL) were mixed with soft agar (2.0 mL, supplemented with l-histidine and trypophane respectively), 0.1 mL of
Bromoacetic acid stock solutions or vehicle control, 0.5 mL S9 mix (for experiments in presence of metabolic activation) or 0.5 ml sodium phosphate 100 mM (for experiments in absence of metabolic activation) before being pured onto minimal agar plates.
The plates were then incubated for 3 days at 37°C. All determinations were made in triplicates.
- Pre-incubation time: None
- Other modifications: None - Evaluation criteria:
- - Number of cells evaluated:
Mutagenicity: frequency of revertant colonies
A positive response in the assay system is taken to be a two-fold or greater increase in the mean number of revertant colonies appearing in the test plates over and above the background spontaneous reversion rate observed with the vehicle, together with evidence of a dose response. - Statistics:
- A positive response in the assay system is taken to be a two-fold or greater increase in the mean number of revertant colonies appearing in the test plates over and above the background spontaneous reversion rate observed with the vehicle, together with evidence of a dose
response
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: At the highest dose level used the test substance was slightly toxic for TA 1535, TA 1537 (with both +S9 and -S9) and TA 1538 (with -S9)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- - Without metabolic activation: None of the observed results fulfilled the criteria of a positive response
Positive control compounds gave a clear positive result.
- With metabolic activation: None of the observed results fulfilled the criteria of a positive response
Positive control compounds gave a clear positive result.
- Cytotoxicity Preliminary test: A preliminary test was carried out to assess the toxicity of the test substance for TA 98. The results show that the test substance was toxic for the bacteria at dose levels of 500 μg/plate and higher, while no toxicity was observed at dose levels of 50 μg/plate and lower. In view of these observations, 250 μg per plate was chosen as the highest dose level for the mutagenicity study.
Result preliminary test: 500 μg/plate
- Main study: A positive response in the assay system is taken to be a two-fold or greater increase in the mean number of revertant colonies appearing in the test plates over and above the background spontaneous reversion rate observed with the vehicle, together with evidence of a dose response. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Gene Mutation Assay results:
Concentration [μg/plate or other] | Number of mutant cells (mean) | Strain | |
-S9 | +S9 | TA 1535 | |
0 | 39 | 26 | |
3.09 | 36 | 22 | |
9.26 | 32 | 22 | |
27.78 | 41 | 25 | |
83.33 | 26 | 25 | |
250.00 | 6 | 15 | |
Positive controls | 552 | 331 | |
Veh. control | 62 | - | |
0 | 9 | 17 | TA1537 |
3.09 | 13 | 14 | |
9.26 | 12 | 14 | |
27.78 | 9 | 17 | |
83.33 | 5 | 16 | |
250.00 | 3 | 8 | |
Pos controls | 1510 | 120 | |
Veh. | 20 | - | |
0 | 20 | 38 | TA 1538 |
3.09 | 17 | 45 | |
9.26 | 24 | 40 | |
27.78 | 22 | 45 | |
83.33 | 20 | 45 | |
250.00 | 15(1) | 40 | (1) slightly less dense background lawn of bacterial growth |
Pos. controls | 904 | 809 | |
Veh.Control | 12 | - | |
0 | 30 | 49 | TA98 |
3.09 | 31 | 55 | |
9.26 | 31 | 55 | |
27.78 | 33 | 43 | |
83.33 | 40 | 57 | |
250.00 | 30 | 56 | |
Pos. controls | 663 | 1252 | |
Veh. Control | 38 | - | |
0 | 180 | 180 | TA100 |
3.09 | 193 | 196 | |
9.26 | 210 | 187 | |
27.78 | 183 | 180 | |
83.33 | 201 | 208 | |
250.00 | 221 | 197 | |
Pos. controls | 620 | 1442 | |
Veh. Control | 30 | - |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
Bromoacetic acid was examined for mutagenic activity in the Ames test using the histidine requiring Salmonella typhimurlum mutants TA 1535, TA 1 537, TA 1 538, TA 98 and TA 100 as indicator strains both in presence and absence of a liver microsome fraction of Aroclor-induced rats for metabolic activation (S-9 mix). Bromoacetic acid did not show at any concentration (max. 250 μg/plate) any mutagenic activity in any of the S. typhimurium strains, either in the
absence or in the presence of the S-9 mix. Based on this results Bromoacetic acid is not mutagenic. - Executive summary:
* Materials and methods:
Evaluation of the in vitro gene mutation potential in S. typhimurium strains (TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, TA 1538); no relevant
deviation from guidelines (2000/32/EC B.14, OECD 471)
* Results and discussion:
Bromoacetic acid did not show any mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test under the
conditions employed in this study.
* Conclusion:
Bromoacetic acid was examined for mutagenic activity in the Ames test using the histidine requiring Salmonella typhimurlum mutants TA 1535, TA 1 537, TA 1 538, TA 98 and TA 100 as indicator strains both in presence and absence of a liver microsome fraction of Aroclor-induced rats for metabolic activation (S-9 mix).
Bromoacetic acid did not show at any concentration (max. 250 μg/plate) any mutagenic activity in any of the S. typhimurium strains, either in the absence or in the presence of the S-9 mix.
Based on this results Bromoacetic acid is not mutagenic.
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